Charged particles are subatomic particles that carry an electric charge, either positive or negative, due to an imbalance of protons and electrons. These particles play a significant role in various natural phenomena and technological applications, particularly in the context of radio wave propagation and atmospheric phenomena. In the Earth's atmosphere, charged particles, such as ions and free electrons, contribute to the formation of the ionosphere, a region of the upper atmosphere crucial for radio communication via skywave propagation. Solar radiation and cosmic rays ionize atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, creating charged particles that affect the behavior of electromagnetic waves. Charged particles are also fundamental in particle physics, astrophysics, and plasma physics, where they interact with electromagnetic fields and other particles to produce complex phenomena observed in nature. Understanding the behavior and interactions of charged particles is essential for studying the universe, developing new technologies, and predicting the behavior of various physical systems. s://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_particle