Network abstraction refers to the process of simplifying and encapsulating complex network functionalities and configurations into higher-level abstractions or software-defined constructs, thereby hiding the underlying complexity and presenting a more intuitive and manageable interface for network management and operations. In network abstraction, the intricate details of physical network devices, network protocols, and network configurations are abstracted into software-defined entities or virtual representations that can be easily provisioned, configured, and controlled through software interfaces or APIs. This allows network administrators and operators to interact with networks at a higher level of abstraction, focusing on defining network policies, services, and behaviors without needing to deal with the intricacies of individual network components. Network abstraction is a key principle in software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) technologies, where it enables the creation of virtual networks, network overlays, and network services that are independent of the underlying hardware and infrastructure. By abstracting network complexity, organizations can achieve greater flexibility, scalability, and agility in managing their network infrastructure, leading to improved efficiency, reliability, and innovation in network operations.