Integrated circuit (IC)
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Integrated circuits (ICs) are semiconductor devices that contain electronic components such as transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors integrated onto a single chip of semiconductor material, typically silicon. Integrated circuits revolutionized the field of electronics by enabling the miniaturization of electronic circuits, leading to significant improvements in performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. ICs are classified into different categories based on their complexity and functionality, including digital ICs (such as microprocessors and memory chips) and analog ICs (such as amplifiers and voltage regulators). The development of integrated circuits has driven the advancement of numerous technologies, including computers, telecommunications, consumer electronics, and medical devices. Integrated circuits are fabricated using semiconductor manufacturing processes, which involve photolithography, deposition, etching, and doping techniques to create the intricate patterns and structures required for electronic components. Integrated circuits continue to evolve, with advances in technology leading to smaller, faster, and more power-efficient devices, contributing to the ongoing digital revolution.
References: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit