Return to return, C++ Reserved words, C++, Reserved Words, CPP Glossary, CPP Topics
This comparison explores the `return` keyword in C++ and its equivalents in Python, Java, C#, Kotlin, JavaScript, TypeScript, PHP, Go, Rust, Swift, Transact-SQL, and PL/SQL. The `return` keyword is used in many programming languages to exit a function and, optionally, return a value to the caller.
In C++, `return` exits a function and optionally sends a value back to the caller. Functions not returning a value are declared with `void`.
```cpp int add(int x, int y) {
return x + y;} ```
C++ documentation: s://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/return(https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/return)
Python's `return` statement exits a function and returns a value. Functions without a `return` statement automatically return `None`.
```python def add(x, y):
return x + y```
Python documentation: s://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-return-statement(https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-return-statement)
Java uses `return` in a similar manner to C++, to exit a method and optionally return a value. Methods declared as `void` do not return a value.
```java int add(int x, int y) {
return x + y;} ```
Java documentation: s://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/returnvalue.html(https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/returnvalue.html)
C# also uses `return` to exit a method and return a value to the caller. Void methods do not return a value.
```csharp int Add(int x, int y) {
return x + y;} ```
C# documentation: s://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/return(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/return)
Kotlin's `return` statement works similarly, used to exit a function and return a value. Functions in Kotlin that do not return a value explicitly return `Unit`.
```kotlin fun add(x: Int, y: Int): Int {
return x + y} ```
Kotlin documentation: s://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/functions.html#returning-a-value-from-functions(https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/functions.html#returning-a-value-from-functions)
JavaScript functions use `return` to exit and send a value back to the caller. Functions without a return statement return `undefined`.
```javascript function add(x, y) {
return x + y;} ```
JavaScript documentation: s://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/return(https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/return)
TypeScript, extending JavaScript, uses `return` in the same way, with the addition of type annotations for the return value.
```typescript function add(x: number, y: number): number {
return x + y;} ```
TypeScript documentation: s://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/functions.html#return-types(https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/functions.html#return-types)
PHP's `return` statement exits a function or method and optionally passes a value back.
```php function add($x, $y) {
return $x + $y;} ```
PHP documentation: s://www.php.net/manual/en/function.return.php(https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.return.php)
Go uses `return` to end function execution and optionally return one or more values.
```go func add(x int, y int) int {
return x + y} ```
Go documentation: s://golang.org/ref/spec#Return_statements(https://golang.org/ref/spec#Return_statements)
Rust functions return the last expression implicitly, but `return` can be used for early exit and to return a value explicitly.
```rust fn add(x: i32, y: i32) → i32 {
return x + y;} ```
Rust documentation: s://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-03-how-functions-work.html#return-values(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-03-how-functions-work.html#return-values)
Swift's `return` statement exits a function and returns a value. Functions that do not return a value are marked with `Void`.
```swift func add(x: Int, y: Int) → Int {
return x + y} ```
Swift documentation: s://docs.swift.org/swift-book/Language Guide/Functions.html#ID164(https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/Functions.html#ID164)
In Transact-SQL, `RETURN` is used within stored procedures or functions to exit and optionally return an integer value to the calling context.
```sql CREATE FUNCTION Add(@x int, @y int) RETURNS int AS BEGIN
RETURN @x + @yEND ```
Transact-SQL documentation: s://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/return-transact-sql(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/return-transact-sql)
PL/SQL uses `RETURN` within functions to return a value. Procedures use `RETURN` to exit early without returning a value.
```plsql FUNCTION Add(x NUMBER, y NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS BEGIN
RETURN x + y;END; ```
PL/SQL documentation: s://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14261/return_statement.htm(https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14261/return_statement.htm)
Each programming language uses its version of the `return` statement to exit a function and, in many cases, return a value to the caller. The syntax and capabilities around this keyword are tailored to fit the language's paradigm, offering flexibility in function design and control flow management.
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