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bjarne_stroustrup_s_c_plus_plus_glossary

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Bjarne Stroustrup's C++ Glossary

MERGE THESE: C plus plus programming language terms and Bjarne Stroustrup's C Plus Plus Glossary

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CPP ABI (Application Binary Interface), CPP ABO (Asymmetric Binary Operation) , CPP Abstract Base Class, CPP Access Specifier, CPP Accumulate Algorithm, CPP Adapter Class, CPP Adaptive Composite Pattern, CPP Address Sanitizer, CPP Aggregate Initialization, CPP Aggregation Relationship, CPP Alignment Requirement, CPP Aligned Allocation, CPP Aligned Deallocation, CPP Aligned Storage, CPP Alignment-Support Types, CPP Allocator Adaptor, CPP Allocator Requirement, CPP Allocator-Aware Container, CPP Allocator-Extended Constructor, CPP Allocator-Extended Move Constructor, CPP Allocator-Extended Swap, CPP Allocation Function, CPP Allowable Exception Specification, CPP ALPHA Conversion (Renaming of Bound Variables), CPP Alternative Token, CPP Analysis-Based Optimization, CPP And Keyword, CPP And_Eq Keyword, CPP Angle Bracket Inclusion, CPP Anonymous Namespace, CPP Anti-Unification, CPP API Bindings for [[CPP Libraries]], CPP Argument Dependent Lookup, CPP Argument Pack, CPP Argument Unpacking, CPP Array Decay, CPP Array New Expression, CPP Array-Bound Safe Function, CPP Array-To-Pointer Conversion, CPP Articulated Lvalues, CPP Artificial Dependency Injection, CPP Artificial Instantiation, CPP Assert Macro, CPP Assigned-To Null Pointer Check, CPP AST (Abstract Syntax Tree), CPP AsIf Rule, CPP ASM Keyword, CPP Associated Type, CPP Assumption Hints, CPP Asynchronous Exception, CPP Atomic Compare-And-Exchange Operation, CPP Atomic Constraint, CPP Atomic Flag, CPP Atomic Operations Library, CPP Atomic Relaxed Operation, CPP Atomic Release-Acquire Operation, CPP Atomic Signal Fence, CPP Atomic Strong Compare Exchange, CPP Atomic Weak Compare Exchange, CPP Attribute Namespace, CPP Attribute Syntax, CPP Audit Keyword, CPP Auto Keyword, CPP Automatic Storage Duration, CPP Awaitable Type, CPP Background Thread in [[CPP]], CPP Back-Inserter Iterator, CPP Back-Inserter Iterator Adapter, CPP Backtrace Support, CPP Balanced Binary Tree In [[CPP]], CPP Bandwidth Optimization in [[CPP]], CPP Base Class Subobject, CPP Basic Exception Guarantee, CPP Basic Guarantee, CPP Basic Iostream, CPP Basic IOS, CPP Basic Istream, CPP Basic Ostream, CPP Basic Streambuf, CPP Begin Iterator, CPP Bessel Functions, CPP Bidir Iterator Category, CPP Bidirectional Iterator, CPP Big-O Notation in [[CPP Context]], CPP Binary Compatibility, CPP Binary Literal, CPP Binary Search Algorithm, CPP Binary Tree Implementation Detail, CPP Binding Pattern, CPP Bit Mask Operation, CPP Bit Shift Operation, CPP Bitand Keyword, CPP Bitfield Implementation, CPP Bitor Keyword, CPP Bitset Class, CPP Bitwise Complement, CPP Bitwise Operator Overload, CPP Block Scope, CPP Blocking Function Call, CPP Blocking I/O in [[CPP]], CPP Boilerplate Code Generation, CPP Bool Keyword, CPP Boolean Literal, CPP Brace Initialization, CPP Braced-Init-List, CPP Break Keyword, CPP Bridge Pattern in [[CPP]], CPP Built-In Type, CPP Built-In Function, CPP Built-In Operator, CPP Bundled Header Units, CPP Byte-Wise Operations, CPP Call Once Function, CPP Call Operator, CPP Callable Object, CPP Candidate Function, CPP Capacity Member Function, CPP Capturing Lambda, CPP Case Keyword, CPP Casting Operator Overload, CPP CDECL Calling Convention, CPP CeePlusPlus Language Linkage, CPP Character Literal, CPP Char16_T Keyword, CPP Char32_T Keyword, CPP Char Keyword, CPP Checked Iterators, CPP Chi-Squared Distribution, CPP Circular Buffer Implementation, CPP Class Key, CPP Class Member, CPP Class Scope, CPP Class Template, CPP Class Template Argument Deduction, CPP Class-Scoped Enumeration, CPP Cleanup Function, CPP Client-Side Abstraction, CPP Clocale Header, CPP Close Function for Streams, CPP Code Bloat Minimization, CPP Code Gen Optimization, CPP Code Generation Rule, CPP Code Smell Detection, CPP CoAwait Keyword, CPP CoReturn Keyword, CPP CoYield Keyword, CPP Collateral Class Template Instantiation, CPP Common Reference, CPP Common Type, CPP Compact Exception Model, CPP Compilation Firewalls, CPP Compilation Unit, CPP Complete Object, CPP Complex Number Type, CPP Compound Assignment Operator, CPP Compound Literal, CPP Compound Requirement, CPP Concept Keyword, CPP Concept Map, CPP Concept Predicate, CPP Concrete Type, CPP Conditional Explicit, CPP Conditional Inference, CPP Conditional Operator, CPP Conditional Variable, CPP Conforming Implementation, CPP Conformed Specialization, CPP Conformance Level, CPP Conformance Test Suite, CPP Conjunction Concept, CPP Constant Expression, CPP Constant Initialization, CPP Constant Interval Bound, CPP Const Keyword, CPP Const Member Function, CPP Const Volatile Qualifier, CPP Const_Assert Macro, CPP Consteval Keyword, CPP Constexpr Keyword, CPP Constexpr Constructor, CPP Constexpr Function, CPP Constinit Keyword, CPP Constexpr If Statement, CPP Constraint Expression, CPP Constraint Satisfaction, CPP Constraint_Based Overload Resolution, CPP Constructor Delegation, CPP Constructor Inheritance, CPP Constructor Template, CPP Contextual Conversion, CPP Continue Keyword, CPP Contract Programming, CPP Contravariant Parameter Type, CPP Conversion Function, CPP Conversion Operator, CPP Conversion Sequence, CPP Copy Assignment Operator, CPP Copy Constructor, CPP Copy Ellision, CPP Core Constant Expressions, CPP Core Guidelines, CPP Coroutine Frame, CPP Coroutine Handle, CPP Coroutine State Machine, CPP Coroutine Suspension, CPP Count Algorithm, CPP Covariant Return Type, CPP CRTP (Curiously Recurring Template Pattern), CPP CTAD (Class Template Argument Deduction), CPP CUDA Extensions For [[CPP]], CPP Curly Brace Scope, CPP Custom Deleter in Smart Pointer, CPP Custom Exception, CPP Custom Literal Suffix, CPP Dangling Pointer Detection, CPP Dangling Reference, CPP Data Member Alignment, CPP Data Member Padding, CPP Data Race, CPP Data Segment, CPP Debug Macro, CPP Debug Symbol, CPP Decay Type, CPP Decltype Keyword, CPP Decomposition Declaration, CPP Deduction Guide, CPP Deep Copy, CPP Default Argument, CPP Default Capture, CPP Default Constructor, CPP Default Initialization, CPP Default Member Initializer, CPP Defaulted Function, CPP Defaulted Move Constructor, CPP Deleted Function, CPP Deleter Object, CPP Deletion Overload, CPP Demangled Name, CPP Dependent Base, CPP Dependent Name, CPP Dependent Scope, CPP Dependent Type, CPP Dependent Type Name, CPP Deprecated Attribute, CPP Design Pattern Application, CPP Designated Initializer, CPP Destructor, CPP Device Code in [[CPP Offloading]], CPP Diagnostic Message, CPP Digit Separator, CPP Direct Base Class, CPP Direct Initialization, CPP Directive, CPP Discard Block, CPP Discard Statement, CPP Disjunction Concept, CPP DLL Export, CPP DLL Import, CPP Do Keyword, CPP Do-While Loop, CPP Documented Behavior, CPP Dominance Analysis, CPP Double Keyword, CPP Downcast Operation, CPP Downward Closure, CPP DRY Principle in [[CPP]], CPP Dynamic Allocation, CPP Dynamic Cast Keyword, CPP Dynamic Exception Specification, CPP Dynamic Initialization, CPP Dynamic Linkage, CPP Dynamic Polymorphism, CPP Dynamic Type, CPP Eager Instantiation, CPP EBCDIC Support, CPP Effective Modern [[CPP Book Reference]], CPP Ellipsis Parameter, CPP Empty Base Optimization, CPP Empty Class, CPP Empty Parameter Pack, CPP Enable If Utility, CPP End Iterator, CPP End Of File State, CPP Endl Manipulator, CPP Enumeration Underlying Type, CPP Enumerator, CPP Enum Keyword, CPP Equality Operator, CPP Equivalence Relation, CPP Erased Type, CPP Error Handling Strategy, CPP Error State Indicator, CPP Exception Filter, CPP Exception Guarantee, CPP Exception Handling, CPP Exception Object, CPP Exception Safe Functions, CPP Exception Specification, CPP Exception Translation, CPP Execinfo Integration, CPP Execution Character Set, CPP Execution Policy, CPP Exhaustive Instantiation, CPP Explicit Conversion Operator, CPP Explicit Keyword, CPP Export Keyword, CPP Extern Keyword, CPP External Linkage, CPP External Template, CPP ExternC Linkage, CPP Face-Deletion Operator, CPP False Keyword, CPP Fast Floating-Point Mode, CPP Field Alignment, CPP File Scope, CPP Filebuf Class, CPP Filesystem Directory Iterator, CPP Filesystem Path, CPP Final Specifier, CPP Fixed-Size Array, CPP Fixed-Width Integer, CPP Floating Point Environment, CPP Floating Point Literal, CPP Fold Expression, CPP For Keyword, CPP For Range Loop, CPP Forward Declaration, CPP Forward Iterator, CPP Forward List, CPP Forwarding Reference, CPP Four-Phase Name Lookup, CPP Friend Class, CPP Friend Declaration, CPP Friend Function, CPP Front Insertion Operator, CPP Full Expression, CPP Full Specialization, CPP Function Adapter, CPP Function Call Operator, CPP Function-Like Macro, CPP Function Object, CPP Function Overload, CPP Function Parameter Pack, CPP Function Pointer, CPP Function Template, CPP Function Template Partial Specialization, CPP Function Template Specialization, CPP Garbage Collection Interface, CPP Gcc Extension For [[CPP]], CPP Generalized Constant Expression, CPP Generic Lambda, CPP Generic Programming, CPP Getline Function, CPP Global New Operator, CPP Global Namespace, CPP Global Object, CPP Global Variable, CPP GPU Offloading Support, CPP Greater Comparator, CPP Guaranteed Copy Elision, CPP Guarded Suspension, CPP Half-Open Interval in Iterators, CPP Handler Block, CPP Has Include Preprocessor, CPP Hash Function Object, CPP Heap Allocation, CPP Heuristic Inline, CPP Hidden Friend Idiom, CPP Hidden Implementation Detail, CPP Homogeneous Function Template, CPP Hook Function, CPP I/O Manipulator, CPP I/O State Flag, CPP I/O Stream Buffer, CPP I/O Stream Iterator, CPP If Constexpr, CPP If Keyword, CPP If-Else Chain, CPP Ill-Formed Program, CPP Immediate Function, CPP Implementation-Defined Behavior, CPP Implementation Limit, CPP Import Keyword, CPP Incremental Compilation, CPP Indeterminate Value, CPP Index Sequence, CPP Indirect Call Optimization, CPP Inheritance Chain, CPP Inherited Constructor, CPP Inline Assembly, CPP Inline Keyword, CPP Inline Namespace, CPP Inline Variable, CPP Input Iterator, CPP Integral Constant Expression, CPP Integral Promotion, CPP Integer Division, CPP Integer Literal, CPP Internal Linkage, CPP Intrinsic Function, CPP Invalid Pointer, CPP Invocation Operator, CPP IOS Base, CPP IOS Flags, CPP IOS Format State, CPP IOS Precision, CPP IOS Width, CPP Iostream Synchronization, CPP IPC Mechanisms in [[CPP (Non-OS Generic)]], CPP ISO Standard Committee, CPP IsLiteralType Trait, CPP Iteration Statement, CPP Iterator Adapter, CPP Iterator Category, CPP Iterator Invalidation, CPP Iterator Traits, CPP JIT Compilation for [[CPP]], CPP Just-In-Time Debugging, CPP Key Function, CPP Keyword Recognition, CPP Koenig Lookup, CPP Label Declaration, CPP Lambda Capture, CPP Lambda Closure Type, CPP Lambda Expression, CPP Lambda Introducer, CPP Lambda Object, CPP Language Linkage, CPP Late Template Parsing, CPP Lexical Block, CPP LIFO Semantics, CPP Lifetime Extension of Temporaries, CPP Lifetime Profile, CPP Limit Macro, CPP Link Time Optimization, CPP Linker Script Interaction with [[CPP Symbols]], CPP Linker-Aided Optimization, CPP Linktime Polymorphism, CPP Literal Operator, CPP Literal Suffix, CPP Literal Type, CPP Local Class, CPP Local Static Variable, CPP Lock Guard, CPP Lock-Free Programming, CPP Logic And Operator, CPP Logic Not Operator, CPP Logic Or Operator, CPP Logical Conjunction, CPP Logical Disjunction, CPP Long Double Keyword, CPP Long Keyword, CPP Lookup Rule, CPP Loophole Casting, CPP Low-Level Memory Intrinsics, CPP Lvalue Reference, CPP Lvalue Transformation, CPP Machine Code Generation for [[CPP]], CPP Magic Statics, CPP Magnitude Type, CPP Main Function, CPP Make Shared, CPP Make Unique, CPP Mangling, CPP Map Container, CPP Masked Operation, CPP Maximum Munch Rule, CPP Memento Pattern in [[CPP]], CPP Member Access Operator, CPP Member Initializer List, CPP Member Template, CPP Member Variable Template, CPP Memory Fence, CPP Memory Model, CPP Memory Order, CPP Memory Resource, CPP Metaclasses Proposal, CPP Metaobject Facility, CPP Metaprogramming, CPP MinGW Toolchain, CPP Minimal Perfect Forwarding, CPP Modified UTF-8 Strings in [[CPP Context]], CPP Module Interface Unit, CPP Module Partition, CPP Module Purview, CPP Module Unit, CPP Module-Mapper, CPP Modules TS, CPP Move Assignment Operator, CPP Move Constructor, CPP Move Iterator, CPP Move Semantics, CPP MSVC Extensions, CPP Multiple Inheritance, CPP Multiway Merge, CPP Mutable Keyword, CPP Mutable Lambda, CPP Name Hiding, CPP Name Lookup, CPP Named Requirement, CPP Narrow Character Type, CPP Narrowing Conversion, CPP Namespace Alias, CPP Namespace Keyword, CPP Natvis Debug Visualization, CPP Nested Class, CPP Nested Exception, CPP Nested Lambda, CPP Nested Namespace, CPP Nested Template, CPP New Expression, CPP Nibble Access in Bitset, CPP No Except Keyword, CPP No Return Function, CPP No Unique Address Attribute, CPP Noop Mutex, CPP Normative Reference in Standard, CPP Not Keyword, CPP Not_Eq Keyword, CPP noexcept Operator, CPP Nothrow Guarantee, CPP Null Pointer Constant, CPP Nullptr Keyword, CPP Number Literal, CPP Numeric Limit, CPP ODR (One-Definition Rule), CPP ODR-Use, CPP Opaque Enum Declaration, CPP Open Multi-Methods in [[CPP (Visitor Pattern)]], CPP Operator Delete, CPP Operator Delete[], CPP Operator Function Id, CPP Operator New, CPP Operator New[], CPP Operator Overload, CPP Optional Class Template, CPP Order Statistics Tree (Extension), CPP Ordered Comparison, CPP Ordered Map, CPP Ordered Set, CPP Ordering Category, CPP Ostream Iterator, CPP Out Of Line Definition, CPP Out Parameter Style, CPP Out-Of-Class Member Definition, CPP Output Iterator, CPP Over Alignment Support, CPP Overload Resolution, CPP Overloaded Operator, CPP Overloaded Template, CPP Overriding Function, CPP Package Manager for [[CPP Libraries]], CPP Pair Class Template, CPP Panic Mode Recovery in Parser, CPP Parameter Pack, CPP Parameter Pack Expansion, CPP Parent Class, CPP Partial Ordering of Function Templates, CPP Partial Specialization, CPP Perfect Forwarding, CPP PH (Placeholders) In Templates, CPP Placement Delete, CPP Placement New, CPP Plain Old Data (POD) Type, CPP Pmr Allocator, CPP Pointer Arithmetic, CPP Pointer Decay, CPP Pointer Interconvertibility, CPP Pointer To Member, CPP Polymorphic Allocator, CPP Polymorphic Class, CPP Polymorphic Lambda, CPP Polymorphic Type, CPP Postfix Decrement Operator, CPP Postfix Increment Operator, CPP Precompiled Header, CPP Predefined Macro, CPP Prefix Decrement Operator, CPP Prefix Increment Operator, CPP Preprocessing Directive, CPP Private Base, CPP Private Inheritance, CPP Protected Inheritance, CPP Public Inheritance, CPP Pure Virtual Function, CPP Qualifier Adjustment, CPP Qualified Id, CPP Qualified Lookup, CPP Qualified Name Lookup, CPP Quick_Exit Function, CPP RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization), CPP Random Device, CPP Range Based For Loop, CPP Range Concept, CPP Range-V3 Library Integration, CPP Raw String Literal, CPP Realloc Function Avoidance, CPP Rebind Allocator, CPP Recursion Limit, CPP Redundant Move, CPP Reference Collapsing Rules, CPP Reference Parameter, CPP Reference Wrapper, CPP Reflexpr Keyword, CPP Register Keyword, CPP Regular Type Concept, CPP Reinterpret_Cast Keyword, CPP Relaxed Constraint, CPP Release Mode, CPP Requires Clause, CPP Requires Expression, CPP Requires Keyword, CPP Requirement Body, CPP Requirement Parameter, CPP Resource Leak Detection, CPP Resource Management, CPP Restricted Aliasing, CPP Return Keyword, CPP Return Type Deduction, CPP Reverse Iterator, CPP RIAA (Reverse RAII Approach, Hypothetical), CPP Ring Buffer, CPP RNG (Random Number Generator) Expanded As Random Number Generator, CPP Rule Of Five, CPP Rule Of Three, CPP Runtime Polymorphism, CPP Runtime Type Information, CPP Safe Bool Idiom, CPP Sampling Distribution Function, CPP Sanitizer, CPP Sargable Expression in [[CPP (Hypothetical Term)]], CPP Scalar Replacement of Aggregates, CPP Scenario Testing in [[CPP Unit Tests]], CPP Scope Guard Idiom, CPP Scope Resolution Operator, CPP Scoped Enumeration, CPP Scoped Lock, CPP Scoped Thread, CPP Secondary Template, CPP Segmentation Fault Handling, CPP Selection Statement, CPP Semaphore, CPP Sequence Container, CPP Shallow Copy, CPP Shared Future, CPP Shared Lock, CPP Shared Mutex, CPP Shared Pointer, CPP Short Circuit Evaluation, CPP Short Keyword, CPP Signed Integer Type, CPP Signature (Function), CPP Silent Conversion, CPP Simple Declaration, CPP Single Inheritance, CPP Single Module Unit, CPP Singleton Pattern in [[CPP]], CPP Sized Deallocation, CPP Sized Deallocation Function, CPP Slicing Problem, CPP Slice Array, CPP Smart Pointer, CPP Snowflake Operator (Hypothetical Term), CPP Software Transactional Memory Proposal, CPP Source Code Transformation, CPP Spacer Iterator (Hypothetical Term), CPP Special Member Function, CPP Specialization, CPP SFINAE (Substitution Failure Is Not An Error), CPP Shift Left Operator Overload, CPP Shift Right Operator Overload, CPP Short Lived Object Optimization, CPP Signed Char Type, CPP Signal Handler Invocation, CPP Signature of a Callable, CPP Silent Failure In Templates, CPP Sized Array To Pointer Decay, CPP Slice Iterator (Hypothetical Term), CPP Small Buffer Optimization, CPP Sort Algorithm, CPP Sorting Network Implementation, CPP Source Code Translation Unit, CPP Specialized Allocator, CPP Speculative Load, CPP Spin Lock Implementation, CPP Spurious Wakeup Prevention, CPP SSO (Small String Optimization), CPP Stable Partition, CPP Stack Allocation, CPP Standard Algorithm, CPP Standard Atomic, CPP Standard Backward Compatibility, CPP Standard Basic_String, CPP Standard Bitset, CPP Standard Byte Type, CPP Standard Charconv, CPP Standard Chrono, CPP Standard Codecvt, CPP Standard Compare, CPP Standard Concurrency Support, CPP Standard Condition_Variable, CPP Standard Container Adaptors, CPP Standard Container Erasure, CPP Standard Container Invalidation Rules, CPP Standard Deque, CPP Standard Duration, CPP Standard Dynamic Extent, CPP Standard Execution Policy, CPP Standard Filesystem, CPP Standard Fixed Size Array, CPP Standard Forward_List, CPP Standard Fstream, CPP Standard Function, CPP Standard Future, CPP Standard Hash, CPP Standard Iomanip, CPP Standard Ios, CPP Standard Iostream, CPP Standard Iostream Synchronization, CPP Standard Istream, CPP Standard Iterator, CPP Standard Layout Type, CPP Standard Library, CPP Standard List, CPP Standard Locale, CPP Standard Map, CPP Standard Memory, CPP Standard MultiMap, CPP Standard MultiSet, CPP Standard Mutex, CPP Standard Optional, CPP Standard Ostream, CPP Standard Pair, CPP Standard Priority_Queue, CPP Standard Promise, CPP Standard Queue, CPP Standard Random, CPP Standard Ratio, CPP Standard Raw Storage Iterator, CPP Standard Regex, CPP Standard Relaxed Iterator Concept, CPP Standard Scoped_Allocator_Adaptor, CPP Standard Set, CPP Standard Shared_Future, CPP Standard Shared_Ptr, CPP Standard Span, CPP Standard Stack, CPP Standard Streambuf, CPP Standard String, CPP Standard String_View, CPP Standard System_Error, CPP Standard Template Library (STL), CPP Standard Thread, CPP Standard Tuple, CPP Standard Type Erasure, CPP Standard Type Traits, CPP Standard Unique_Lock, CPP Standard Unique_Ptr, CPP Standard Unordered_Map, CPP Standard Unordered_Multimap, CPP Standard Unordered_Multiset, CPP Standard Unordered_Set, CPP Standard Utility, CPP Standard Valarray, CPP Standard Variant, CPP Standard Vector, CPP Static_assert Keyword, CPP Static Keyword, CPP Static Allocation, CPP Static Cast Keyword, CPP Static Data Member, CPP Static Storage Duration, CPP Storage Class Specifier, CPP Strict Aliasing Rule, CPP String Literal, CPP Stringification Macro, CPP Strong Exception Guarantee, CPP Structured Binding, CPP Subobject, CPP Substitution Failure, CPP Synchronized Pool Resource, CPP Synchronization Primitives, CPP Syntactic Category, CPP SzArray (Hypothetical Term), CPP Template Argument Deduction, CPP Template Class, CPP Template Constrained Function, CPP Template Friend, CPP Template Instantiation, CPP Template Metaprogramming, CPP Template Parameter, CPP Template Parameter Pack Expansion, CPP Template Partial Specialization, CPP Template Specialization, CPP Temporary Materialization, CPP Ternary Operator, CPP This Keyword, CPP Thread Local Keyword, CPP Thread Safe Initialization, CPP Three Way Comparison Operator, CPP Throw Expression, CPP Throw Keyword, CPP Token Concatenation, CPP Token Pasting Operator, CPP Traits Class, CPP Trampoline Function Technique, CPP Translation Unit, CPP Trigraph Sequence, CPP Trivial Class, CPP Trivial Type, CPP True Keyword, CPP Try Keyword, CPP TU (Translation Unit) Expanded As Translation Unit, CPP Type Alias, CPP Type Alias Template, CPP Type Deduction, CPP Type Erasure Idiom, CPP Type Id Expression, CPP Type Parameter Pack, CPP Type Promotion, CPP Type Safe Union, CPP Type Trait, CPP Type Transformation, CPP Type_Safe Enum Idiom, CPP Typename Keyword, CPP Underlying Type, CPP Unicode Literal, CPP Union Keyword, CPP Union Member, CPP Unique Address Optimization, CPP Uninitialized Fill, CPP Uninitialized Memory, CPP Uninitialized Value, CPP Universal Reference, CPP Unnamed Namespace, CPP Unordered Container, CPP Unreachable Code, CPP Unsigned Integer Type, CPP Utility Forward, CPP Value Category, CPP Value Initialization, CPP Variable Template, CPP Variadic Macro, CPP Variadic Template, CPP Vectorization Strategies, CPP Virtual Base Class, CPP Virtual Dispatch, CPP Virtual Function Table (VFT), CPP Virtual Function, CPP Virtual Inheritance, CPP Visible Entity, CPP Visibility Attribute, CPP Volatile Keyword, CPP Wchar_T Keyword, CPP Weak Symbol, CPP Wide Character Literal, CPP Wide String Literal, CPP Wide-Char Stream, CPP Widen Function, CPP Widening Conversion, CPP Working Draft of [[CPP Standard]], CPP Xor Keyword, CPP Xor_Eq Keyword, CPP Zero Initialization

C Plus Plus | C++: Effective CPP | Effective C++, C Plus Plus Best Practices | C++ Best Practices, CPP Core Guidelines (CG) by Bjarne Stroustrup and Herb Sutter | C++ Core Guidelines (CG) by Bjarne Stroustrup and Herb Sutter, C Plus Plus Fundamentals | C++ Fundamentals, C Plus Plus Inventor | C++ Inventor - C Plus Plus Language Designer | C++ Language Designer: Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985; C Plus Plus Keywords | C++ Keywords, CPP Built-In Data Types | C++ Built-In Data Types, C Plus Plus Data Structures | C++ Data Structures (CPP Containers) - C Plus Plus Algorithms | C++ Algorithms, C Plus Plus Syntax | C++ Syntax, C Plus Plus OOP | C++ OOP - C Plus Plus Design Patterns | C++ Design Patterns, Clean C Plus Plus | Clean C++ - C Plus Plus Style Guide | C++ Style Guide - C Plus Plus BDD | C++ BDD, C Plus Plus Standards | C++ Standards (C Plus Plus 23 | C++ 23, C Plus Plus 20 | C++ 20, C Plus Plus 17 | C++ 17, C Plus Plus 14 | C++ 14, C Plus Plus 11 | C++ 11, C Plus Plus 03 | C++ 03, C Plus Plus 98 | C++ 98), Bjarne Stroustrup's C Plus Plus Glossary | Bjarne Stroustrup's C++ Glossary - Glossaire de CCP - French, CppReference.com, CPlusPlus.com, ISOcpp.org, C Plus Plus Compilers | C++ Compilers (Compiler Explorer, MinGW), C Plus Plus IDEs | C++ IDEs, C Plus Plus Development Tools | C++ Development Tools, C Plus Plus Linter | C++ Linter, C Plus Plus Debugging | C++ Debugging, C Plus Plus Modules | C++ Modules (C Plus Plus 20 | C++20), C Plus Plus Packages | C++ Packages, C Plus Plus Package Manager | C++ Package Manager (Conan - the C/C Plus Plus Package Manager | Conan - the C/C++ Package Manager), C Plus Plus Standard Library | C++ Standard Library, C Plus Plus Libraries | C++ Libraries, C Plus Plus Frameworks | C++ Frameworks, C Plus Plus DevOps | C++ DevOps - C Plus Plus SRE | C++ SRE, C Plus Plus CI/CD | C++ CI/CD (C Plus Plus Build Pipeline | C++ Build Pipeline), C Plus Plus Data Science | C++ Data Science - C Plus Plus DataOps | C++ DataOps, C Plus Plus Machine Learning | C++ Machine Learning, C Plus Plus Deep Learning | C++ Deep Learning, Functional C Plus Plus | Functional C++, C Plus Plus Concurrency | C++ Concurrency, C Plus Plus History | C++ History, C Plus Plus Topics | C++ Topics, C Plus Plus Bibliography | C++ Bibliography, Manning CPP Series | Manning C++ Series, C Plus Plus Courses | C++ Courses, CppCon, C Plus Plus Research | C++ Research, C Plus Plus GitHub | C++ GitHub, Written in C Plus Plus | Written in C++, C Plus Plus Popularity | C++ Popularity, C Plus Plus Awesome | C++ Awesome, C Plus Plus Versions | C++ Versions. (navbar_cplusplus – see also navbar_cpp_containers, navbar_cppcon, navbar_cpp_core_guidelines, navbar_cpp23, navbar_cpp20, navbar_cpp17, navbar_cpp14, navbar_cpp11)

Bjarne Stroustrup's C plus plus Glossary | C++ Glossary

Fair Use Source: BSCppG 2012, Bjarne Stroustrup's C plus plus Glossary | Bjarne Stroustrup's C++ Glossary

Bjarne Stroustrup's C++ Glossary

Modified October 3, 2012

This is a glossary of C plus plus terms | glossary of C++ terms, organized alphabetically by concept.

“The definitions/explanations of individual C plus plus terms are necessarily very brief. To compensate, each entry includes one or more references to The C++ Programming language (Special Edition) ([[TC plus plus PL | TC++PL)]] where you can find more comprehensive explanations and C plus plus code examples. I use section references, rather than page numbers, so that this C plus plus glossary can be used together with translations of my C plus plus books. It is always wise to read a whole section rather than trying to glean information from a few semi-random sentences.” (BSCppG 2012)

“For people interested in the reasons behind the design of C plus plus | design of C++, most entries also refer to The Design and Evolution of C++ ([[D&E)]]. Some entries contain links other parts of my home pages, especially to my C plus plus FAQ and C plus plus Style and Techniques FAQ | C++ Style and Technique FAQ. If I find the time, I'll add references to the C plus plus ISO standard.” (BSCppG 2012)

“This glossary is specifically “C++ oriented”. That is, it defines terms in the context of C++. For example, it defines C plus plus generic programming in terms of C plus plus templates and C plus plus object-oriented programming in terms of C plus plus virtual functions, rather than trying to be sufficiently abstract and general to cover all languages and all usages.” (BSCppG 2012)

The entries are meant to be brief explanations, rather than precise C plus plus definitions. (BSCppG 2012)

Suggestions for improved explanations, C plus plus terms to add, or anything else that would make the glossary of C plus plus more useful, are most welcome: bs at cs dot tamu dot edu. (BSCppG 2012)

Glossary

A

B

  • C plus plus C++ standards committees - the ISO committee for C++ (WG21) and the various national standards committees that closely cooperate with it (BIS, AFNOR, DIN, etc.). Did the ANSI/ISO standards committee spoil C++?. See also: C++ Standard. D&E 6.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus C++03 - name for the minor revision of the C++ standard represented by the 2003 corrigenda (“a bug fix release”). (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus C++0x - the upcoming revision of the ISO C++ standard; 'x' is scheduled to be '9'. See my publicatons page. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C-style string - zero-terminated array of characters, supported by C standard library functions. A low-level and error-prone mechanism; where possible prefer strings. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 3.5.1, 20.3.7, 20.4. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus C/C++ - (1) an abbreviation used when discussing similarities, differences, and compatibility issues of C and C++. (2) a mythical language referred to by people who cannot or do not want to recognize the magnitude of differences between the facilities offered by C and C++ or the significant differences in the programming styles supported by the two language. See also: multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming, generic programming, exception, template, user-defined type, C++ standard library. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus C89 - The 1989 ANSI standard for C based on K&R C with a few additions borrowed from C++, such as function prototypes and const. See also: K&R C, C99. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus C99 - The 1999 ISO standard for C based on C89 with additions to support Fortran-style numeric computation. It also borrows a few more features, such as line comments (// comments) and declarations as statements, from C++. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus call-by-value - passing a copy of an argument to the called function. The semantics of function call is to pass a copy of an argument. The copy operation is defined by the argument type's copy constructor. See Also: call-by-reference. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 7.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus character set - a set of integer values with a mapping to character representations; for example, ASCII (ANSI13.4-1968) gives meaning to the values 0-127. ASCII is C++'s representation character set, the character set used to represent program source text. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL C.3. D&E 6.5.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus class - a user-defined type. A class can have member functions, member data, member constants, and member types. A class is thee primary mechanism for representing concepts in C++. See also: template class. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 2.5.2, 10, D&E 2.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus clone - a function that makes a copy of an object; usually a clone function relies on run-time information (e.g. a virtual function call) to correctly copy an object given only a pointer or reference to a sub-object. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus closure - object representing a context. C++ does not have general closures, but function objects can be efficiently used to hold specific parts of a context relevant to a computation. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 22.4.7, 18.4. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus compiler - the part of a C++ implementation that produces object code from a translation unit. See also: front-end, back-end. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus concrete type - a type without virtual functions, so that objects of the type can be allocated on the stack and manipulated directly (without a need to use pointers or references to allow the possibility for derived classes). Often, small self-contained classes. See also abstract class, vector, list, string, complex. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 25.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus constraint - rule that restricts the set of acceptable arguments for a template parameter. For example “the argument must have + and - operators”. Examples. D&E 15.4. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus constructor - member function with the same name as its class, used to initialize objects of its class. Often used to establish an invariant for the class. Often used to acquire resources. A constructor establishes a local environment in which member functions execute. See also: order of construction, destructor. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 10.2.3, D&E 2.11.1. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus container - (1) object that holds other objects. (2) type of object that holds other objects. (3) template that generates types of objects that hold other objects. (4) standard library template such as vector, list, and map. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 16.2, 16.2.3, 17, D&E 15.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus controlled variable - a variable used to express the part of the exit condition of a loop that varies each time around the loop. For example ``i in for (int i=0; i<max; ++i) f(i); (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus copy assignment - an assignment accepting an object of the class itself as its argument, typically Z::operator=(const Z&). A copy assignment is used for assignment of an object of type T with an object of type T. If a copy assignment is not declared for a class, memberwise copy is used. See also: copy constructor. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 10.4.4.1, 10.4.6.3 D&E 11.4. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus copy constructor - a constructor accepting an object of the class itself as its argument, typically Z::Z(const Z&). A copy constructor is used for initialization of objects of type T with objects of type T. If a copy constructor is not declared for a class, memberwise initialization is used. See also: call-by-value, argument passing, value return, copy assignment. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 10.4.4.1, 10.4.6.3, D&E 11.4. (BSCppG 2012)

D

  • C plus plus decltype - C++ox operator meaning the type of its operand. For example: const double& d1 =2.0; decltype(d1) d2; (d2 will also be a const double&). Primarily useful for writing forwarding functions in generic programming. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus default argument - a value specified for an argument in a function declaration, to be used if a call of the function doesn't specify a value for that argument. This is commonly used to allow a simple interface for common uses while making it easy to use less common facilities by specifying more arguments. See also: default template argument, binder. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 7.5, 10.2.3, D&E 2.12.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus default template argument - a type or value specified for an argument in a template declaration, to be used if a use of the template doesn't provide a type or value for that argument. This is commonly used to allow a simple interface for common uses while making it easy to use less common facilities by specifying more arguments. See also: default argument. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 13.4.1, B.3.5. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus deprecated feature - feature left in a programming language for historical reasons only. The standard s committee recommends against its use and warns that it may be removed in future revisions of the standard. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus deque - double-ended queue (pronounced “deck”). A standard library template alowing insertions and deletions at both ends. Use a vector if you need insertions and deletions only at one end (as is typical). Use a list if you need frequent insertions and deletions in the middle. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 17.2.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus destructor - member of a class used to clean up before deleting an object. It's name is its class' name prefixed by '~'. For example, Foo's destructor is ~Foo(). Often used to release resources. A destructor is implicitly called whenever an object goes out of scope or is deleted. See also: virtual destructor, order of destruction. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 10.4.2, D&E 2.11.1, 3.11.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus downcast - a cast from a base class to one of its derived classes. The name reflects the fact that in programming, trees tend to be drawn growing downwards from the roots. See also: dynamic_cast, upcast, crosscast. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 15.4. (BSCppG 2012)

E

  • C plus plus encapsulation - the enforcement of abstraction by mechanisms that prevent access to implementation details of an object or a group of objects except through a well-defined interface. C++ enforces encapsulation of private and proteced members of a class as long as users do not violate the type system using casts. See also: interface and access control. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 15.3, 24.3.7.4, D&E 2.10. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus exception handling - the primary way of reporting an error that cannot be handled locally. An exception is thrown and will be caught by an exception handler or terminate() will be called. See also: exception safety, termination semantics, try-block, throw, catch. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 8.3, 14, E, D&E 16. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus explicit call of destructor - destructors are implicitly called when an object goes out of scope or is deleted. However, if a user have taken over construction (using placement new) and destruction, a destructor must be explicitly called. Example. For example, explicit call of destructor is used in the implementation of standard library containers. See also: placement new. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 10.4.11, E.3.1, D&E 10.5.1. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus extern - a keyword used to indicate that the definition of an entity being declared is defined elsewhere. Because “extern: is only necessary for global variables it is largely redundant. (BSCppG 2012)

F

  • C plus plus file - a sequence of bytes or words holding information in a computer. The term “file” is usually reserved to information placed on disk or elsewhere outside the main memory. The iostream part of the C++ standard library provides ifstream, ofstream, and fstream as abstraction for accessing files. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 21.5. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus finally - a language construct supporting ad hoc cleanup in some languages. Similar, but not identical to C++'s catch(…). Use the “resource acquisition is initialization” technique instead. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus friend function - a function declared as friend in a class so that it has the same access as the class' members without having to be within the scope of the class. And, no, friends do not “violate encapsulation”. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 11.5, 11.2.3, C.11.4, D&E 2.10, 3.6.1. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus front-end - the parts of a compiler that perform lexical and syntax checking, type checking, and initial semantic checking of a translation unit. Typically all compiler error messages comes from the front-end. See also: back-end. D&E 3.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus function - a named sequence of statements that can be invoked/called given arguments and that might return a value. The type of the function includes the number and types of argument and the type of the value returned, if any. See also: function declaration, function body. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 2.3, 7, D&E 2.6. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus function object - object with the application operator, operator()(), defined so that it can be called like a function. A function object is more general than a function because it can hold data and provide additional operations. Sometimes called a functor. Given current compiler technology, simple function objects inline better than pointers to functions, so that parameterization with function objects can be far more efficient than use of pointers to functions or virtual functions. See also: binder, adapter, inlining. Example. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 18.4. (BSCppG 2012)

G

  • C plus plus garbage collection - techniques for reclaiming unused memory without relying on user-supplied delete or free() commands. A permitted but not required technique for C++. Commercial and free garbage collectors exist for C++: See my C++ page. Use of classes that control their own storage, such as the standard library vector, string, and map, reduces the need for garbage collection. See also: resource acquisition is initialization, destructor. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL C.9.1. D&E 10.7. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus general-purpose programming language - (1) a programming language intended for use in a wide range of application areas without restrictions that make it totally unsuitable for traditional major uses of computers, such as mathematical computations, data processing, text processing, graphics, and communications. (2) a language that can do what at least as much as other languages called “general purpose” can do. See also: C++. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus global data - data defined in the global scope. This is usually best avoided because a programmer can't easily know what code manipulates it and how. It is therefore a common source of errors. Global constants are usually ok. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus glossary - “collection of glosses; lists and explanations of special words.”a - The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English. A pain to compile. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus GUI - Graphical User Interface. There are many C++ libraries and tools for building GUI-based applications, but no standard C++ GUI. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus handle - an object that controls access to another. Often, a handle also controls the acquisition and release of resources. A common use is for a handle to control access to a variably-sized data structure. See also: resource acquisition is initialization, vector, string, smart pointer. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 25.7, D&E 11.5.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus header file - file holding declarations used in more than one translation unit. Thus, a header file acts as an interface between separately compiled parts of a program. A header file often contains inline function definitions, const definitions, enumerations, and template definitions, but it cannot be #included from for than one source file if it contain non-inline function definitions or variable definitions. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 2.4.1, 9.2.1. D&E 2.5, 11.3.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus higher-order function - functions that produce other functions. C++ does not have general higher-order functions, but by returning function objects a function can efficiently emulate some techniques traditionally relying of higher-order functions. See also: binder. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 18.4.4. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus Hungarian notation - a coding convention that encodes type information in variable names. Its main use is to compensate for lack of type checking in weakly-typed or untyped languages. It is totally unsutable for C++ where it complicates maintenance and gets in the way of abstraction. (BSCppG 2012)

I

  • C plus plus IDE - Integrated (or Interactive) Development Enviornment. A software development environment (SDE) emphasizing a GUI interface centered around a source code editor. There are many IDEs for C++, but no standard SDE. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus implementation defined - an aspect of C++'s semantics that is defined for each implementation rather than specified in the standard for every implementation. An example is the size of an int (which must be at least 16 bits but can be longer). Avoid implementation defined behavior whenever possible. See also: undefined. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL C.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus incomplete type - type that allows an object to be copied, but not otherwise used. A pointer to an undeclared type is the typical example of an incomplete type. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus initialization - giving an object an initial value. Initialization differs from assignment in that there is no previous value involved. Initialization is done by constructors. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus inline function - function declared inline using the inline keyword or by being a member function defined in-class. Compilers are encouraged to generate inline code rather than function calls for inline functions. Most benefits from inlining comes with very short functions. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 7.1.1, 9.2, 10.2.9, D&E 2.4.1 . (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus interface - a set of declarations that defines how a part of a program can be accessed. The public members and the friends of a class defines that class' interface for other code to use. A class without data members defines a pure interface. The protected members provide an additional interface for use by members of derived classes. See also: abstract class. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus iostream - (1) standard library flexible, extensible, type-safe input and output framework. (1) stream that can be used for both input and output. See also: file stream, string stream. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 3.4, 3.6, 21, D&E 3.11.4.1, 8.3.1. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus ISO - the international standards organization. It defines and maintains the standards of the major non-proprietary programming languages, notably C++. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus iteration - traversal of data structure, directly or indirectly using an iteration-statement. See also: recursion. The standard library offer algorithms, such as copy() and find(), that can be effective alternatives to explicit iteration. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 6.3.3. 18. (BSCppG 2012)

K

L

  • C plus plus language extension - (1) relatively new feature that people haven't yet gotten used to. (2) proposed new feature. (3) feature provided by one or more implementations, but not adopted by the standard; the use of some such features implies lock-in to a particular compiler supplier. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus Library TR - technical report from the ISO C++ standards committee defining a set of new standard library components, including regular expression matching (regexp), hashedcontainers (ordered_map), and smart pointers. See my C++ page. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus local class - class defined within a function. Most often, the use of a local class is a sign that a function is too large. Beware that a local class cannot be a valid template argument. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus local function - function defined within a function. Not supported by C++. Most often, the use of a local function is a sign that a function is too large. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus locale - standard library class for representing culture dependencies relating to input and output, such as floating-point output formats, character sets, and collating rules. A locale is a container of facets. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 21.1, D. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus loop - a statement that expresses the notion of doing something zero or more times, such as a for-statement and a while-statement. (BSCppG 2012)

M

  • C plus plus macro - facility for character substitution; doesn't obey C++ scope or type rules. C++ provides alternatives to most uses of macros; see template, inline, const, and namespace. Don't use macros unless you absolutely have to. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 7.8, D&E 2.9.2, 4.4, 18. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus maintenance - work on a program after its initial release. Typical maintenance activities include bug fixing, minor feature enhancements, porting to new systems, improvements of error handling, modification to use different natural languages, improvements to documentation, and performance tuning. Maintenance typically consumes more than 80% of the total effort and cost expended on a program. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus Max Munch - (1) mythical participant in the C++ standards process. (2) the rule that says that while parsing C++ always chooses the lexically or syntactically longest alternative. Thus ++ is the increment operation, not two additions, and long int is a single integer type rather than the long integer followed by an int. Cross references in this glossary follow this rule. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus memory management - a way of allocating and freeing memory. In C++ memory is either static, allocated on the stack, or allocated on the free store. When people talk about memory management, they usually think of free store or even specifically about garbage collection. Memory can often be effectively managed through standard library containers, such as vector or string, or through general resource management techniques. See also: auto_ptr, constructor, destructor, resource acquisition is initialization. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL C.9, D&E 3.9, 10. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus multi-paradigm programming - programming applying different styles of programming, such as object-oriented programming and generic programming where they are most appropriate. In particular, programming using combinations of different programming styles (paradigms) to express code more clearly than is possible using only one style. See also: C++. (BSCppG 2012)

N

  • C plus plus name - sequence of letters and digits started by a letter, used to identify (“name”) user-defined entities in program text. An underscore is considered a letter. Names are case sensitive. The standard imposes no upper limit on the length of names. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 4.9.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus NCITS - National Committee for Information Technology Standards. The part of ANSI that deals with programming language standards, notably C++, and sells copies of the C++ standard. Formerly known as X3. (BSCppG 2012)

O

  • C plus plus object - (1) a contiguous region of memory holding a value of some type. (2) a named or unnamed variable of some type; an object of a type with a constructor is not considered an object before the constructor has completed and is no longer considered an object once a destructor has started executing for it. Objects can be allocated in static memory, on the stack, on on the free store. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 4.9.6, 10.4, 10.4.3, D&E 2.3, 3.9. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus object-oriented programming language - a programming language designed to support or enforce some notion of object-oriented programming. C++ supports OOP and other effective forms of programming, but does not try to enforce a single style of programming. See also: generic programming, multi-paradigm programming, hybrid language. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus operator - conventional notation for built-in operation, such as +, *, and &. A programmer can define meanings for operators for user-defined types. See also: operator overloading, unary operator, binary operator, ternary operator, prefix operator, postfix operator. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 6.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus operator overloading - having more than one operator with the same name in the same scope. Built-in operators, such as + and *, are overloaded for types such as int and float. Users can define their own additional meanings for user-defined types. It is not possible to define new operators or to give new meanings to operators for built-in types. The compiler picks the operator to be used based on argument types based overload resolution rules. See also: overload resolution. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 6.2, D&E 3.6, 11.7.1. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus optimizer - a part of a compiler that eliminates redundant operations from code and adjusts code to perform better on a given computer. See also, front-end, back-end, code generator. D&E 3.3.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus overload resolution - a set of rules for selecting the best version of an operator based on the types of its operands. A set of rules for selecting the best version of an overloaded function based on the types of its arguments. The intent of the overload resolution rules is to reject ambiguous uses and to select the simplest function or operator for each use. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 6.2, D&E 11.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus overloading - having more than one function with the same name in the same scope or having more than one operator with the same name in the same scope. It is not possible to overload across different scopes. See also: using-declaration. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 6.2, D&E 3.6, 11.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus overriding - declaring a function in a derived class with the same name and a matching type as a virtual function in a base class. The argument types must match exactly. The return types must match exactly or be co-variant. The overriding function will be invoked when the virtual function is called. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 15.6.2, 6.2, D&E 3.5.2-3, 13.7. (BSCppG 2012)

P

  • C plus plus paradigm - pretentious and overused term for a way of thinking. Often used with the erroneous assumption that “paradigms” are mutually exclusive, and often assuming that one paradigm is inherently superior to all others. Derived from Kuhn's theory of science. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 2.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus parameter - a variable declared in a function or templates for representing an argument. Also called a formal argument. Similarly, for templates. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus Performance TR - technical report from the ISO C++ standards committee discussing issues related to perfoemance, especially as concerns embedded systems programming and hardware access. See my C++ page. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus placement new - a version of the new operator where the user can add arguments to guide allocation. The simplest form, where the object is placed in a specific location, is supported by the standard library. Example. For example, placement new is used in the implementation of standard library containers. See also: explicit call of destructor. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 10.4.11, E.3.1, D&E 10.4. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus POD - “Plain Old Data”]] - (roughly) a class that doesn't contain data members that would be illegal in C. A POD can therefore be used for data that needs to be share with C functions. A POD can have non-virtual member functions. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus polymorphism - providing a single interface to entities of different types. virtual functions provide dynamic (run-time) polymorphism through an interface provided by a base class. Overloaded functions and templates provide static (compile-time) polymorphism. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 12.2.6, 13.6.1, D&E 2.9. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus preprocessor - the part of a C++ implementation that removes comments, performs macro substitution and #includes. Avoid using the preprocessor whenever possible. See also: macro, #include, inline, const, template, namespace. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 7.8, 9.2.1, D&E 18. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus pure object-oriented language - programming language claiming to support only object-oriented programming. C++ is designed to support several programming paradigms, including traditional C-style programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming. For a longer explanation, read Why C++ isn't just an object-oriented programming language. See also: hybrid language. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus pure virtual function - virtual function that must be overridden in a derived class. Indicated by the curious =0 syntax. A pure virtual function can be defined in the class where it is declared pure, but needn't be and usually isn't. A class with at least one pure virtual function is an abstract class. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 12.3. D&E 13.2.1. (BSCppG 2012)

Q

R

  • C plus plus reinterpret_cast - a type conversion operation that reinterprets the raw memory of an object as a value of another type. The result of a reinterpret_cast can only be portably used after being converted back into its original type. Use only as a last resort. See also: cast. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 6.2.7, D&E 14.3.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus resource - any entity that a program acquires and releases. Typical examples are free store, file handles, threads, sockets. See also: resource acquisition is initialization, exception safety, basic guarantee, resource management. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 14.4, E.2-3 D&E 16.5. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus resumption semantics - In some languages, but not C++, an exception handler can respond by telling the thrower to resume (``just carry on as if the problem hadn't happened”). This looks like a good idea in some cases, but in general leads to contorted code because of unfortunate dependencies between separate levels of abstraction. See also: termination semantics. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 14.4.5, D&E 16.6. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus rvalue - an expression that may appear on the right-hand side of an assignment, but not of the left-hand side; for example, 7. D&E 3.7.1. (BSCppG 2012)

S

  • C plus plus scope - a region of source text delimited by curly braces: { … }, a list of function or template parameters, or all of a translation unit outside other scopes. See also: block, namespace, global scope. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 2.9.4. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus SDE - Software Development Environment. An environment of editors, compilers, tools, libraries, etc. used by a programmer to produce software. There are many SDEs for C++, but no standard SDE. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus semantics - the rules specifying the meaning of a syntactically correct construct of a program. For example, specifying the actions taken to perform a for-statement or an object definition. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus separate compilation - the practice of compiling parts of a program, called translation units, separately and then later linking the results together using a linker. This is essential for larger programs. See also: linkage, header file, one definition rule. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 2.4.1, 9.1. D&E 2.5. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus sibling class - two classes are siblings if a class is (directly or indirectly) derived from them both and one is not derived from the other. Note that this is a rather inclusive definition of “sibling class” in that is does not require that the siblings have the same immediate derived class (I didn't want to introduce a notion of “cousin classes”). See also: dynamic_cast, crosscast. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus signature - the set of parameter types for a function; that is, the function's type ignoring its return type. This is a confusingly specialized definition compared to other programming languages where “signature” means “function type”. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus standard library - The library defined in the C++ standard. Contains strings, stream I/O, a framework of containers and algorithms, support for numerical computation, support for internationalization, the C standard library, and some language support facilities. See also: complex, valarray, locale. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 16-22, D, E. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus static - (1) keyword used to declare a class member static; meaning allocated in static memory. For a member function, this implies that there is no this pointer. (2) keyword used to specify that a local variable should be allocated in static memory. (3) deprecated: keyword used to specify that a global name should not be visible from other translation units. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 7.1.2, 10.2.4, 10.4.8-9. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus string - standard-library type representing a sequence of characters, support by convenient operators, such as == and +=. The general form of of strings, basic_string, supports strings of different kinds of characters. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 3.5, 20. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus strong guarantee - the guarantee that an exception thrown by an operation leaves every object in the state in which it was before the start of the operation. Builds on the basic guarantee. See also exception safety, nothrow guarantee, and basic guarantee. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL E.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus syntax - the set of gramatical rules specifying how the text of a program must be composed. For example, specifying the form of a declaration or the form of a for-statement. (BSCppG 2012) (BSCppG 2012)

T

  • C plus plus template class - class parameterized by types, values, or templates. The template arguments necessary to identify the class to be generated for the class template must be provided where a template class is used. For example “vector<int> v;” generates a vector of ints from the vector template. See also template. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 13.2, D&E 15.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus template function - function parameterized by types, values, or templates. The function to be generated from a template function can usually be deduced from the function arguments in a call. For example, “sort(b,e)” generates “sort<vector::iterator>(b,e)” from the sort() template function if b and e are standard library vector iterators. If a template argument cannot be deduced, it must be provided through explicit qualification. See also template. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 13,3, D&E 15.6. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus terminate() - If an exception is thrown but no handler is found, terminate() is called. By default, terminate() terminates the program. If program termination is unacceptable, a user can provide an alternative terminate() function. If you are worried about uncaught exceptions, make the body of main() a try-block. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 14.7. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus termination semantics - a somewhat ominous terminology for the idea that throwing an exception “terminates” an operation and returns through the function call chain to a handler. The handler can initiate any error handling it likes, including calling the function that caused the exception again (presumably after fixing the problem that caused the problem). What a handler can't do is simply tell the thrower to just carry on; by the time the handler is invoked we have returned from the block/function that threw and all blocks/functions that led to it from the handler's try-block. See also: resumption semantics. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 14.4.5, D&E 16.6. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus throw - operation for interrupting the normal flow of control and returning to an appropriate exception handler identifyed by the type of the exception throw. See also: catch, exception handling. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 8.3.1, 14.3, D&E 16.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus two-phase lookup - a somewhat complicated mechanism used in compilation of templates. Names that do not depend on a template parameter are looked up (and bound) early, i.e., when the template template definition is first seen (“phase 1 lookup”). Names that depend on a template parameter are looked up late, i.e. during template instantiation (“phase 2 lookup”) so that the lookup can find names relating to actual template arguments. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL C::13.8. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus type safety - the property that an object can be accessed only according to its definition. C++ approximates this ideal. A programmer can violate type safety by explicitly using a cast, by using an uninitialized variable, by using a pointer that doesn't point to an object, by accessing beyond the end of an array, and by misusing a union. For low-level systems code, it can be necessary to violate type safety (e.g. to write out the byte representation of some objects), but generally type safety must be preserved for a program to be correct and maintainable. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus typename - (1) an alternative to “class” when declaring template arguments; for example, “template<typename T> void f(T);” (2) a way of telling a compiler that a name is meant to name a type in template code; for example “template<class T> void f(T a) { typename T::diff_type x = 0; … }”. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL C::13.5. (BSCppG 2012)

U

  • C plus plus undefined - an aspect of C++'s semantics for which no reasonable behavior is required. An example is dereferencing a pointer with the value zero. Avoid undefined behavior. See also: implementation defined. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL C.2. (BSCppG 2012)

V

  • C plus plus vector - standard library template providing contiguous storage, re-sizing and the useful push_back() functions for adding elements at the end. Vector is the default container. See also: map, multimap, list, deque. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 3.7.1, 16.3. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus virtual constructor - a constructor cannot be virtual, because to create an object, we need complete information of its type. “virtual constructor” is the name of a technique for calling a virtual function to create an object of an appropriate type. Example. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 12.4.4, 15.6.2. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus virtual destructor - a destructor declared virtual to ensure that the proper derived class destructor is called if an object of a derived class is deleted through a pointer to a base class. If a class has any virtual functions, it should have a virtual destructor. Example. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 12.4.2, D&E 10.5. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus virtual-function table - table of all virtual functions for a class. The most common way of implementing virtual functions is to have each object of a class with virtual functions contain a virtual function pointer pointing to the class' virtual function table. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus volatile - attribute of a declaration telling the compiler that an entity can have its value changed by extralinguistic means; for example, a real time clock: “extern volatile const long clock;”. Limits optimizations. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL A.7.1. (BSCppG 2012)

W

  • C plus plus wchar_t - wide character type. Used to hold characters of character sets that require more than a byte to represent, such as unicode. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 4.3, C.3.3. See also: large character sets, universal character name. (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus whitespace - characters that a represented only by the space they take up on a page or screen. The most common examples are space (' '), newline ('\n'), and tab ('\t'). (BSCppG 2012)
  • C plus plus word - a number of bytes that on a given machine is particularly suied to holding an integers or a pointer. On many machines, an object must be aligned on a word boundary for acceptable performance. An int is typically a stored in a word. Often, a word is 4 bytes. See also: alignment. TC plus plus PL | TC++PL 4.6. (BSCppG 2012)

X

Z

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bjarne_stroustrup_s_c_plus_plus_glossary.txt · Last modified: 2025/02/01 07:14 by 127.0.0.1
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