4nm Process
The 4nm process is an advanced semiconductor manufacturing technology used to create high-performance and energy-efficient microchips. Developed by companies like TSMC and Samsung, the 4nm process builds upon the 5nm process by introducing refinements in transistor density and power efficiency. By shrinking the size of transistors, the 4nm process allows for more transistors to be packed into a given area, resulting in improved computational capabilities and reduced power consumption. This technology is used in a variety of applications, including high-performance GPUs like NVIDIA's Ada Lovelace architecture and mobile processors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabrication
One of the key advantages of the 4nm process is its ability to enhance performance while maintaining or reducing power consumption, making it ideal for devices requiring high computational power without excessive heat generation. This process employs EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) lithography to etch finer features on silicon wafers with high precision. GPUs like the GeForce RTX 40 series and processors in next-generation smartphones utilize the 4nm process to deliver faster speeds, improved graphics rendering, and support for advanced AI workloads.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography
The 4nm process represents a significant step in semiconductor manufacturing, but it also introduces challenges in terms of cost and complexity. As transistors shrink, maintaining reliability and reducing defects becomes more difficult, requiring innovations in materials and manufacturing techniques. Despite these challenges, the 4nm process is paving the way for more compact and powerful chips, solidifying its importance in the continued evolution of computing and electronics.