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Bytecode
Also called P-code (see P-code machine)
TLDR: Bytecode is an intermediate, low-level representation of source code generated by a compiler to be executed on a virtual machine rather than directly by the hardware. It is used in languages like Java, C Sharp, and Python, enabling portability and platform independence. Bytecode acts as a bridge between human-readable source code and machine-executable instructions, ensuring consistent execution across multiple environments.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecode
In Java, the Java Compiler translates Java source code into bytecode files with a `.class` extension, which are executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM interprets the bytecode or further optimizes it through just-in-time compilation (JIT), converting it into machine code for faster execution. Bytecode includes instructions for stack operations, arithmetic, and object manipulation, making it highly efficient and compact.
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se20/html/jvms-2.html
The portability of bytecode allows applications to run seamlessly on any system with a compatible virtual machine. Advanced features like garbage collection and runtime optimizations ensure that bytecode executes efficiently, regardless of the underlying hardware. This flexibility and consistency make bytecode a cornerstone of modern, platform-independent programming languages.
https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/jvm-overview.html
- Snippet from Wikipedia: Bytecode
Bytecode (also called portable code or p-code) is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter. Unlike human-readable source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) that encode the result of compiler parsing and performing semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of program objects.
The name bytecode stems from instruction sets that have one-byte opcodes followed by optional parameters. Intermediate representations such as bytecode may be output by programming language implementations to ease interpretation, or it may be used to reduce hardware and operating system dependence by allowing the same code to run cross-platform, on different devices. Bytecode may often be either directly executed on a virtual machine (a p-code machine, i.e., interpreter), or it may be further compiled into machine code for better performance.
Since bytecode instructions are processed by software, they may be arbitrarily complex, but are nonetheless often akin to traditional hardware instructions: virtual stack machines are the most common, but virtual register machines have been built also. Different parts may often be stored in separate files, similar to object modules, but dynamically loaded during execution.
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