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Calibration is the process of configuring an instrument or device to provide accurate measurements by comparing its readings to known reference standards. It is essential for ensuring the reliability and precision of measurements across various applications.

• Accuracy: The primary goal of calibration is to ensure that an instrument’s measurements are as close as possible to the true value. This involves adjusting the instrument to correct any discrepancies.
• Compliance: In many industries, accurate measurements are required to comply with regulatory standards and quality control processes. Calibration ensures that instruments meet these requirements.
• Quality Assurance: Regular calibration is crucial for maintaining quality in manufacturing, scientific research, and other fields. It helps prevent errors and maintains the integrity of the data collected.

• Preparation: The calibration process begins with setting up the instrument in a controlled environment. It involves ensuring that the instrument is stable and functioning correctly before calibration starts.
• Reference Standards: Known reference standards or calibration weights are used to test the instrument’s accuracy. These standards have precisely defined values and are used to compare against the instrument's measurements.
• Adjustment: If discrepancies are found between the instrument's readings and the reference standards, adjustments are made to correct the instrument’s accuracy. This may involve modifying settings or recalibrating components.
• Verification: After adjustments, the instrument is tested again with the reference standards to ensure that it now provides accurate measurements. Verification may involve multiple rounds of testing and adjustment.

• Regular Intervals: Instruments should be calibrated at regular intervals, based on their usage, environmental conditions, and the criticality of their measurements. High-precision instruments often require more frequent calibration.
• Post-Use Calibration: Calibration is also needed after significant changes in the instrument’s environment, such as relocation or exposure to extreme conditions.

• Documentation: Maintaining detailed records of calibration activities is essential for tracking the performance of the instrument over time. Records include calibration dates, reference standards used, and any adjustments made.
• Audit Trails: In regulated industries, keeping an audit trail of calibration activities is necessary for compliance and quality assurance. This documentation helps in verifying that instruments meet required standards.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibration
• https://www.nist.gov/pml/weights-and-measures/calibration