https://DevOpsCloud.io -- Cloud Monk Losang Jinpa, Ph.D., MCSE/MCT, GitOps DevOps Engineer

Return to CCNP and CCIE Collaboration Core CLCOR 350-801 Official Cert Guide by Jason Ball

“ (CCNP801JB)

• Glossary ==Numerics== * [[+E.164 alias An international phone number written with a plus sign (+) before the phone number to indicate that the number is in international (E.164) format." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 3CCD A technique that determines colors by sending light through a prism, which separates the light into the RGB spectrum frequencies. Each color is measured on an individual light-sensitive chip. Also known as three-chip cameras." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a video interface that consists of a single 2.970 Gbps serial link that allows you to replace dual-link HD-SDI." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 802.11e The standard used for wireless networks. Both 802.1p and differentiated services code point are the standards to set priorities on wired networks. This standard is commonly referred as user priority, and it is important to map the UP to its appropriate DSCP value." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 802.1d A Layer 2 protocol known as Spanning Tree Protocol that runs on bridges and switches. The main purpose of STP is to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant paths in your network." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 802.1p An IEEE standard that allows Layer 2 CoS to be applied from the switch. Eight different classes of service are expressed in a 3-bit PCP field in a q header added to the frame." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 802.1Q An IEEE standard often referred to as Dot1Q. It is the networking standard that supports VLANs on an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet network. This standard defines a system of VLAN tagging for Ethernet frames and the accompanying procedures to be used by bridges and switches in handling such frames. The standard also contains provisions for a quality-of-service prioritization scheme commonly known as IEEE 802.1p and defines the Generic Attribute Registration Protocol." ([[CCNP801JB)

• otherwise, the data link layer authentication will prevent the phone from registering." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 802.3af An IEEE standard for PoE that supports up to 15W of power to any device that supports PoE." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 802.3at An IEEE standard also known as PoE+ that can support up to 25.5W of power to any device that supports this standard." ([[CCNP801JB)

• AAAA-records A type of lookup record that resolves 128-bit IPv6 addresses to URLs.” (CCNP801JB)

• a type of routing that automatically reroutes calls through the PSTN or another network when the system blocks a call due to insufficient bandwidth." ([[CCNP801JB)

• absorption The complete dissipation of sound waves within an object of obstruction. Absorption is similar to transmitting through an object." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a function that makes dynamic adjustments to gain, typically on a microphone signal, to maintain an optimal level for different speakers." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a function of a router that controls ingress and egress traffic based on protocol or port." ([[CCNP801JB)

• acoustical power A measure of amplitude over time." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a Microsoft Corporate Directory product used for user and device management and LDAP integrations." ([[CCNP801JB)

• AD forest The topmost logical container in an Active Directory configuration that contains domains, users, computers, and group policies." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a call escalation function through a Cisco Unified Communications Manager allowing a point-to-point call to escalate to a multipoint call using an external conferencing resource to host the call." ([[CCNP801JB)

• an independent mode of Microsoft Active Directory that provides dedicated directory services for applications." ([[CCNP801JB)

• AD tree A collection of domains within a Microsoft Active Directory network. The term refers to the fact that each domain has exactly one parent, leading to a hierarchical tree structure. A group of Active Directory trees is known as a forest." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a part of Microsoft’s fully integrated directory services available with Windows Server 2003 and built specifically to address directory-enabled application scenarios." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a service that runs on a Microsoft Windows Server. This service can be used to sign private certificates for use within an enterprise." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a message sent from a wireless client that is preparing to place a call to an access point to indicate the TSPEC. The access point can then accept or reject the ADDTS request based on whether bandwidth and priority treatment are available." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Advanced Networking An option key on the Expressway Edge servers that enables a second NIC so that when the Expressway Edge is placed in a DMZ, one NIC can communicate with the internal network and the second NIC can securely communicate with the public Internet. Calls can then be bridged across these two NICs through the Expressway Edge." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a method that works by comparing the audio input from a near-end mic against the audio input from a far-end mic and subtracting the common delayed audio." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Agent Install file A package that must exist on Cisco UC applications for CCCUC to function. Webex uses components in these files to install telemetry modules used to extract user and device data, as well as log information so that it can all be monitored through the cloud." ([[CCNP801JB)

• AI Artificial intelligence. * [[alert report A Cisco Unified Serviceability report generated on the CUC that contains any alerts that were generated along with their severity." ([[CCNP801JB)

• false frequency components appear that were not in the original analog signal." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a protocol that provides a mechanism for transferring voice messages between different voice-messaging systems." ([[CCNP801JB)

• amplitude The measure of the magnitude of change in each oscillation of a sound wave. Most often this measurement is peak-to-peak, such as the change between the highest peak amplitude value and the lowest trough amplitude value, which can be negative." ([[CCNP801JB)

• analog signal A continuous signal that contains a time variable representative of some other time-varying quality, such as the voltage of the signal may vary with the pressure of the sound waves." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a service that provides the receiver of a telephone call with the number of the calling phone." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Announcement Files The Announcement Files feature is an announcement repository that helps manage audio files from a common location that are used in various services, such as Auto Attendant announcements, Music on Hold, or Call Queue announcements." ([[CCNP801JB)

• annunciator A device that allows spoken messages or call process tones to be played during a call. They use the SCCP protocol for communication, but they can be used by either SIP or SCCP phones." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Anonymous call rejection A user configurable feature that allows users to reject all incoming calls from unidentified or blocked caller IDs." ([[CCNP801JB)

• aperture The diameter of the hole through which light enters a camera. The size of the aperture controls the amount of light entering your lens to the camera sensors." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a set of functions and procedures allowing the creation of applications that access the features or data of an operating system, application, or other service." ([[CCNP801JB)

• APN Apple Push Notifications is a platform notification service created by and used exclusively for Apple smart devices. APN allows third-party applications to send push notifications to Apple devices." ([[CCNP801JB)

• application users Users who are associated with Cisco Unified Communications features or applications, such as Cisco Unified Contact Center Express or Cisco Unified CM Assistant. These applications must authenticate with Cisco Unified Communications Manager, but these internal “users” do not have an interactive login and serve purely for internal communications between applications." ([[CCNP801JB)

• A-record A mapping record used by Domain Name Servers to map a URI address to an IP address. A-records consist of a host name and domain name, which make up the URI, and an IP address." ([[CCNP801JB)

• the protocol used to map IP network addresses to the hardware MAC addresses used by a data link protocol." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a type of router used in edge routing for high-bandwidth applications in large enterprise businesses." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a traversal server and a traversal client. The traversal server resides outside the firewall or in a DMZ. The traversal client resides inside the firewall and initiates communication with the traversal server. Ports do need to be opened on the firewall, but they cannot be used unless a communication is initiated from inside the firewall. Only two ports are required to be opened on the firewall because Assent will multiplex the media so all RTP traffic uses one port and all RTCP traffic uses a second port. In addition to the firewall traversal capabilities of Assent, NAT traversal is built into the protocol as well. Also, Assent can be used with both the SIP and H.323 communication standards." ([[CCNP801JB)

• asymmetric cryptography The same process as symmetric cryptography, except that the identity of the communicating parties can be authenticated using public-key cryptography." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Auto Attendant A feature that ensures calls are answered and that callers’ needs are met. You can add greetings, set up menus, and route calls to an answering service, a hunt group, a voicemail box, or a real person. You can create a 24-hour schedule or provide different options when your business is open or closed." ([[CCNP801JB)

• autoframing An AI technology built into some of the Cisco Telepresence endpoints that allows individual zoomed-in video switching between participants who are speaking within a video meeting room. Autoframing technology can follow participants in a room using speech detection and facial recognition." ([[CCNP801JB)

• auto-registration A setting in the CUCM that uses a generic template to automatically register all devices that communicate with the TFTP service on the CUCM." ([[CCNP801JB)

• an XML/SOAP-based interface that provides a mechanism for inserting, retrieving, updating, and removing data from the Unified Communications configuration database. Developers can use AXL and the provided WSDL to create, read, update, and delete objects such as gateways, users, devices, route patterns, and much more." ([[CCNP801JB)

• B2B Shorthand for “business-to-business.” This term refers to sales your business makes to other businesses rather than to individual consumers." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a logical network element in SIP applications. It is a type of SIP UA that receives a SIP request, then reformulates the request, and sends it out as a new request." ([[CCNP801JB)

• B2C Shorthand for “business-to-consumer.” This term refers to sales your business makes to individual consumers rather than to other businesses." ([[CCNP801JB)

• backup device A compilation of settings used to discover the database to which the backup information will be saved." ([[CCNP801JB)

• backup status A table that displays the status of a backup as each component is being backed up." ([[CCNP801JB)

• balanced audio cable A cable that is characterized by three wires, two of which carry the identical signal 180 degrees out of phase with each other. The third is the ground that encompasses the other two wires to protect them from outside noise. This allows for better isolation of the signal from EMI noise." ([[CCNP801JB)

• bandwidth The rate that data bits can successfully travel across a communication path." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Base64-Encoded Format An encoding method for certificates that converts binary to plain ASCII text." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a feature of the CUCM that allows administrators to push bulk settings to many phones by using a CSV file." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Bayer A filter within a camera that lets about one-third of each color in and maps the saturation levels of each color per pixel in a mosaic type of effect." ([[CCNP801JB)

• the IETF standard for content sharing over SIP." ([[CCNP801JB)

• bidirectional mic A directional mic that picks up equally in two directions, usually 180 degrees opposed." ([[CCNP801JB)

• bit depth The size of a packet sample, which is measured in bits per sample." ([[CCNP801JB)

• BOT Cisco Dual Mode for Android is the option to select to create a device BOT for Webex App on Android phones." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a service that administers and maintains all jobs that are submitted through the Bulk Administration menu of the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Branch Gateway The oldest Cisco router type that can operate as a Local Gateway for a Webex Calling deployment. Branch Gateways include the ISR1100 and the ISR4000 series routers." ([[CCNP801JB)

• an ISDN configuration intended primarily for use in subscriber lines similar to those that have long been used for voice-grade telephony services. This allows BRI connections to use existing telephony infrastructure at businesses. BRI ISDN contains two Bearer channels, or B-channels, and one Delta channel, or D-channel. BRI Bearer channels support 64 kbps bandwidth and are used to carry audio data. The BRI Delta channel supports 16 Kbps and is used to send all the control signaling, such as call setup messaging, call teardown messaging, and timing for TMD." ([[CCNP801JB)

• BRI NT port An NT port found on the BRI Network Termination box. An NT port always connects to a TE port and vice versa." ([[CCNP801JB)

• BRI TE port A TE port found on BRI ISDN Terminals, such as ISDN phones or PBX trunk ports. A TE port always connects to an NT port and vice versa." ([[CCNP801JB)

• C8000v The Catalyst 8000v is a continuation of the CSR1000v. The C8000v is a software-based virtual router that combines the functionalities of Cisco Cloud Services Router (Cisco CSR1000V) and Cisco Integrated Services Virtual Router (Cisco ISRv) into a single image that is intended for deployment in cloud and virtual data centers. It is supported in ESXi, KVM, and NFVIS hypervisors. Further, you can deploy this router on public cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and Alibaba Cloud." ([[CCNP801JB)

• the certificate server that issues and verifies the authenticity of certificates." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a feature on the CUCM that allows the systems in place to control various aspects of voice and video calls over IP, such as bandwidth consumption and QoS across an enterprise network." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call Forwarding A user-configurable feature that allows you to forward calls to another number when you are away from your main line." ([[CCNP801JB)

• call handler A messaging system that allows calls to be routed to specific destinations based on the caller’s input." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call Notify A user configurable feature that allows you to receive an email notification when a call or voicemail is received." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call on Webex Call on Webex is simply the ability for users to call using SIP over IP. This can be achieved through the Webex App, unified IP phones or Webex endpoints without a Webex Calling subscription." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call Park Direct Allows users to park a call against a specific user’s extension or Call Park Extension." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call Park Group A feature that allows a defined group of users known as “members” to automatically park calls against available park destinations configured in a call park group. Park destinations can be either members’ extensions or Call Park Extensions." ([[CCNP801JB)

• call pickup Users that are added to a call pickup can answer calls when another member of the call pickup is busy." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call Queue An answering service for customers’ calls that can’t be answered. The Call Queue will provide them with an automated answer, comfort messages, and music on hold until someone can answer their call." ([[CCNP801JB)

• call queuing A feature that allows hunt pilot callers to be held in a queue while they wait for an agent to become available. Call queuing is based on the existing call distribution capabilities that are provided by hunt lists and hunt pilots. It enables calls to a hunt pilot to be redirected to a queue if all agents that are associated with the hunt pilot are busy, logged out, unregistered, or do not answer." ([[CCNP801JB)

• call routing A method the CUC employs to handle calls from users in the system, as well as undefined callers from outside the organization." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call Setup mode An H.323 setting configured on an endpoint that can be set to either Direct or Gatekeeper. If Call Setup mode is set to Direct, the endpoint will never attempt to register to a gatekeeper and will only be able to dial by IP address. When Gatekeeper mode is used, the endpoint is completely subservient to a gatekeeper and will perform no function until it has registered." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Call Waiting A user-configurable feature that allows you to place an ongoing call on hold to answer a new, incoming call at your discretion. Should you choose to disregard the incoming call, it will be transferred to your voicemail or another predetermined destination." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a system developed so that billing data can be recorded at a centralized crossbar tandem office for message unit and toll calls originated by telephone customers served by a large number of local dial central offices." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a level of security that performs several tasks depending on your configuration. It can be used to authenticate via an existing manufacturing installed certificate (MIC), locally significant certificate (LSC), randomly generated authentication string, or optional less secure “null” authentication. It issues locally significant certificates to supported Cisco Unified IP phones. It upgrades existing locally significant certificates on the phones. CAPF also retrieves phone certificates for viewing and troubleshooting." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a protocol that enables an access controller to manage a collection of wireless termination points." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a service that limits the input or output transmission rate on an interface or subinterface based on a flexible set of criteria. Another tool is known as DCAR, or Distributed CAR." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a tool that uses CDR and CMR data to provide system-generated reports to users, managers, and administrators. These reports can help monitor QoS issues, device utilization, or call statistics." ([[CCNP801JB)

• cardioid mic A directional mic with a pickup pattern shaped like a heart. The mic’s effective pickup area is primarily focused on the area in front and to the sides of the microphone." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a form of signaling that is part of the PRI T1 format for ISDN communications." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a proprietary protocol used to split the audio and video media streams between Cisco Jabber and a VoIP phone when using CTI for desk phone control from Jabber." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Catalyst 8000 Edge Platforms These routers are the replacement solutions for the Branch Gateways and will support the Local Gateway function. These cloud edge platforms are designed for accelerated services, multilayer security, cloud-native agility, and edge intelligence to accelerate the customer journey to cloud." ([[CCNP801JB)

• an algorithm that provides class bandwidth guarantees for user-defined traffic classes. It provides flow-based WFQ support for non-user-defined traffic classes." ([[CCNP801JB)

• an image sensor that detects variable attenuation of light waves and converts them into electrical current." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco Jabber requires you to configure a Cisco Unified Communications Manager IP Phone service profile on Cisco Unified Communications Manager to retrieve settings and information about devices that are associated for each user." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CCP Cloud Connected PSTN is one of three options an administrator can choose in Webex Control Hub to leverage for PSTN connections when setting up Webex Calling. Choose this option if you’re looking for a cloud solution that doesn’t require deployment of local hardware, and then select a CCP provider of choice." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CCUC Cloud Connected Unified Communications is a set of services in the Webex cloud that provides enhanced business and operational insights with the aim of improving administrative workflow productivity. It allows customers to leverage the benefits of the Webex cloud while keeping your critical calling workload on-premises." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a proprietary protocol used at Layer 2 of the network for device and information discovery across a network." ([[CCNP801JB)

• data records that contain information about each call that was processed by CallManager." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CDR Agent service A service that transfers CDR and CMR files that CUCM generates from the local host to the CDR Repository node, where the CDR Repository Manager service runs over an SFTP connection." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CDR Repository Manager service A service that maintains the CDR and CMR files, allocates the amount of disk space for use by CMRs and CDRs, sends the files to up to three configured destinations, and tracks the delivery result for each destination." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CDR Repository node CUCM node where CDR and CMR files are stored." ([[CCNP801JB)

• software that comes preloaded onto DX, MX, SX, and WebEx endpoints. This software is based on the legacy TC software." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a feature used to set the screen in standby when an endpoint itself enters standby. Likewise, the system will wake up the screen when the system itself wakes up from standby." ([[CCNP801JB)

• cell boundary overlap The primary mechanism for providing RF high availability. In general, a cell boundary overlap of 20 to 30 percent on nonadjacent channels is recommended to provide high availability in the wireless network." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a database server that enhances the existing emergency 9-1-1 functionality of the Cisco Unified Communications Manager by ensuring it will send emergency calls to the appropriate Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) for the caller’s location and that the PSAP can identify the caller’s location and return the call if necessary." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Certificate-based Local Gateway The certificate-based method of connecting a Local Gateway uses Mutual TLS as the connection type. This method also uses four bidirectional connections rather than a single one-way connection as with the registration-based connection. This connection type requires CA-signed certificates in the Local Gateway. The engineer also needs to add the Webex Calling trust bundle into the Local Gateway so that the SBC trusts the certificates of Webex Calling." ([[CCNP801JB)

• chrominance A measurement of the color spectrum in light." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a video format designed by the ITU as a compromise between NTSC and PAL resolutions for digital video transmission, particularly regarding video communication." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco Precision Video Engine Technology embedded into the Cisco Jabber soft client that uses specialized compression algorithms to offer higher-quality video over lower bandwidth. This technology is what makes HD call capability possible in the Jabber client." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco PSTN One of three options an administrator can choose in Webex Control Hub to leverage for PSTN connections when setting up Webex Calling. Choose this option if you’d like a bundled solution that allows you to order new PSTN numbers and port existing numbers to Cisco." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco UBE Cisco Unified Border Element is a Unified Communications border element, or edge service, providing voice and video connectivity between the enterprise IP network and a service provider network. The service provide will make the conversion from IP to ISDN, and vice versa." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco UBE HA Cisco Unified Border Element High Availability uses Layer 2 box-to-box redundancy through the Redundancy Group Infrastructure Protocol to offer failover between two Cisco UBE routers using an active/standby pair." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco Unified Serviceability A service and reporting tool available on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco Unified IM and Presence server, and Cisco Unity Connection." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco Unity Connection Serviceability A reporting tool available only through the Cisco Unity Connection server that allows for 20 different reports to be generated." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cisco Webex Calling A service in Webex that allows users to call out across the PSTN using the Webex App or a unified IP phone." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Claim Domain This option allows an administrator to claim a domain to automatically associate any users within that domain to the organization. If the domain isn’t claimed, users who sign up for a Webex account will need to be claimed manually by an administrator." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Claim Users Claiming users is a process performed by administrators within the Webex Control Hub. This option allows users who already signed up for a free Webex account to be claimed and moved into a subscription account." ([[CCNP801JB)

• classification pulse A “first detection” pulse sent from a PSE to a device to determine whether the device is powered or not." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CleanAir A Cisco technology used to increase the WLAN reliability by detecting radio frequency interference in real time and providing a self-healing and self-optimizing wireless network." ([[CCNP801JB)

• ClearPath technology Special algorithms applied at the codec to incoming video that clarifies the video quality by adding pixels to the image. There is no extra bandwidth cost to using ClearPath technology, but the image quality is greatly improved." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a text-based command structure that allows an administrator to interact with a system. CLI can be used over an IP connection or through a console connection." ([[CCNP801JB)

• clipping A form of distortion that occurs when a signal exceeds the maximum dynamic range of an audio channel." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Cloud Connected UC Cloud Connected Unified Communications is a service Cisco developed in the Webex Control Hub to support hybrid integrations between an on-premises UC solution and Webex in the cloud. Cloud Connected UC also supports full migration from the premises to the cloud." ([[CCNP801JB)

• cluster-level backup A backup of all servers in a cluster collected in a central location and archived to a physical storage device." ([[CCNP801JB)

• cluster group Connected UC on-premises servers are organized in Control Hub using cluster groups. Cluster groups can represent geolocations, release environments, and so on." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a softphone application based on the WebRTC protocol that works with Cisco Meeting Server." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a feature that forces the user to enter a code to specify that a call relates to a specific client matter. You can assign client matter codes to customers, students, or other populations for call accounting and billing purposes." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a Cisco Unified application that provides call processing to Cisco Unified IP phones for distributed enterprise branch-office environments. Cisco Unified CME delivers on this need by providing localized call control, mobility, and conferencing alongside data applications on Cisco ISRs." ([[CCNP801JB)

• an image sensor that detects variable attenuation of light waves and converts them into electrical current." ([[CCNP801JB)

• data records that contain quality of service or diagnostic information about the call. Also referred to as diagnostic records." ([[CCNP801JB)

• an on-premises conferencing server used for rich media multipoint conferencing between three or more participants." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a subcategory in an LDAP hierarchical tree used to categorize users or devices within an organization." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a tool used to migrate the legacy Cisco Unity server settings into the Cisco Unity Connection server platform." ([[CCNP801JB)

• the hardware or software that codes and decodes audio and video data. Codec also refers to the standards that outline how the coding and decoding operates." ([[CCNP801JB)

• codec preference list A list that allows the router to act as a demarcation point on a VoIP network and allows a dial peer to be established only if the desired codec criteria are satisfied. Preferences can be used to determine which codecs will be selected over others." ([[CCNP801JB)

• they are the ones we typically identify as echoes. In this case, the arrival of the late reflection sound waves passes a certain millisecond tolerance and is perceived as a second sound rather than the prolonging of the first sound." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Common Identity A term used to describe a state that must exist before certain Webex cloud services can be utilized. When a user exists in Webex Control Hub and Cisco Unified Communications Manager, the user’s email address must match in both locations to create a “Common Identity.”" ([[CCNP801JB)

• compliance A function of Cisco IMP that allows the storing of instant messages on an external server or database for archiving." ([[CCNP801JB)

• component video A video signal split into two or more component channels." ([[CCNP801JB)

• composite video Video information combined into a single line level." ([[CCNP801JB)

• compression One of the link efficiency mechanisms that work in conjunction with queuing and traffic shaping to manage existing bandwidth more efficiently and predictably. There are two types of compression available. See also stacker and cRTP." ([[CCNP801JB)

• condenser mic A type of mic that operates on electrostatic principles in which two conductive plates in close proximity to each other exchange a charge as the plates vibrate. This operation requires that an external power source be used to supply the charging voltage to element, usually in the form of phantom power." ([[CCNP801JB)

• conferencing Mixing multiple streams (three or more) to create one output stream." ([[CCNP801JB)

• congestion avoidance An effect achieved through packet dropping. Congestion avoidance mechanisms monitor network traffic loads in an effort to anticipate and avoid congestion at common network bottlenecks." ([[CCNP801JB)

• congestion management The use of markings on a packet to determine in which queue to place it. Different queues are given different treatment by the queueing algorithm that is based on the class of packets in the queue. Generally, queues with high-priority packets receive preferential treatment." ([[CCNP801JB)

• rather, they exist solely on the system designed to deliver the aliases when requested." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a Layer 2 QoS mechanism that operates on the 802.1q VLAN. CoS is used to mark packets at the Layer 2 switch port and create trust boundaries so that phones and other trusted devices can mark their own QoS packets." ([[CCNP801JB)

• in this context, the term describes which features the Cisco Unity Connection users have permission to use." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a mechanism in the CUCM that is used to control telephony charges by blocking costly service numbers and international calls for some users. COS is also used to protect the privacy of some users, such as to disallow direct calls to managers except through their assistants." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a function that guarantees some level of service to all traffic because you can allocate bandwidth to all classes of traffic. You can define the size of a queue by determining its configured packet-count capacity, thereby controlling bandwidth access." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 3 ratio. If the person speaking is 3 feet from the target mic, the next closest mic should be no closer than 9 feet." ([[CCNP801JB)

• the old analog style of monitor, which is no longer in use." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a link efficiency compression algorithm that can compress the IP, UDP, and RTP headers down from 40 bytes to 2–4 bytes." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CSF Cisco Unified Client Services Framework is the option to select to create a CSF device for Webex App for Mac or Webex App for Windows." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a template used to submit information to a CA so that a certificate can be signed." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CSR1000v The Cloud Services Router 1000v is a virtual IOS-XE router that can run in VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V, SuSE KVM, and Red Hat KVM virtual environments. The CSR1000v can also be deployed in Microsoft Azure, Amazon EC2, and Google Cloud Platform. The CSR1000v can support up to IOS-XE version 17.3 software. After that version, the branding and licensing was changed to reflect the new product name, Catalyst 8000v." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a classification that defines which partitions are accessible to a particular device within the CUCM." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a simple file format used to store tabular data, such as a spreadsheet or database. Files in the CSV format can be imported to and exported from programs that store data in tables, such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice Calc." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a technology that enables computer and telephone systems to interact together." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CTI port A virtual port that is analogous to a trunk line in a traditional ACD or PBX setting." ([[CCNP801JB)

• CTI route point A virtual device that can receive multiple simultaneous calls for the purpose of application-controlled redirection." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a protocol used by TAPI and other Cisco services to communicate with the CUCM." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a certificate file sent from a CUCM to an endpoint to establish a trust between that device and the CUCM for secure communication. The CTL file contains a server certificate, public key, serial number, signature, issuer name, subject name, server function, DNS name, and IP address for each server." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a unified messaging and voicemail solution within Cisco’s Collaboration suite of products." ([[CCNP801JB)

• per-user based licensing for individual Cisco Unified Communications applications, including the applications server software, user licensing, and a soft client. User Connect Licensing is available in Essential, Basic, Enhanced, and Enhanced Plus versions." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a platform that provides reliable, secure, scalable, and manageable call control and session management." ([[CCNP801JB)

• the framework used to support the Cisco Jabber soft client application." ([[CCNP801JB)

• a tool that offers industry-leading integrated messaging, voicemail, fax, automated attendant, interactive voice response, time-card management, and a rich set of other messaging features on the Cisco Integrated Services Router platform." ([[CCNP801JB)

• current logging A list of current available logs on a CE software-based endpoint since the last reboot of the endpoint." ([[CCNP801JB)

• Professional Edition and Standard Edition. Professional Edition includes comprehensive, unlimited participant video conferencing with Personal Multiparty video at no additional cost." ([[CCNP801JB)

• data compression A reduction in the amount of bandwidth consumed from the total transmission capacity. Compression involves utilizing encoding algorithms to reduce the size of digital data." ([[CCNP801JB)

• 58. Use *88 plus the extension of the parked call to retrieve a call using either method. FCM Firebase Cloud Messaging is a cross-platform messaging solution. This solution allows you to notify the client app when new data is available to sync. FCM is generally used with Android devices. FECC Far-end camera control; the ability of an endpoint’s camera to be controlled using PTZ from a far-end endpoint while in a call. field of view The width and height of an image captured by a camera. FIFO First-in, first-out; a method that performs no prioritization of data packets on user data traffic. It entails no concept of priority or classes of traffic. When FIFO is used, ill-behaved sources can consume available bandwidth, bursty sources can cause delays in time-sensitive or important traffic, and important traffic may be dropped because less important traffic fills the queue. firewall A system that exists to protect the inside of a corporate network from outside attack. The purpose of a firewall is to control IP traffic entering your network. Firewalls generally block unsolicited incoming requests, meaning that any communication originating from outside your network will be prevented. However, firewalls can be configured to allow outgoing requests to certain trusted destinations, and to allow responses from those destinations. Allowing traffic in both directions prevents the firewall from doing its job. Flex Cisco Collaboration Flex Plan; a subscription-based offer that entitles people to use Cisco’s industry-leading collaboration tools. It helps with transitions to the cloud and investment protection by including cloud, premises, hosted and hybrid deployments, with the flexibility to use them all. Foveon X3 sensors Sensors that use a method similar to how color film for photography works. An array of layered pixel sensors separates light via the inherent wavelength-dependent absorption property of silicon, such that every location senses all three color channels. FQDN Fully qualified domain name; a domain that has been qualified against an authority, such as the Cisco Expressway or a publicly registered DNS address. frame A still image. Each still image in a series, known as a reel, is a separate frame. frame rate The number of frames that are shown per second, or fps. frequency The rate of air pressure fluctuation produced by an acoustic energy wave. frequency response The range of frequencies accurately captured. frequency spectrum The complete range of frequencies audible to the ear. FRTS Frame Relay Traffic Shaping; a QoS shaping tool used on output interfaces to help smooth out mismatches in the network and limit transmission rates. FTP File Transfer Protocol; a protocol used to transfer large files between a server and a client. A secure transmission can also be established using SFTP. FXO Foreign eXchange Office; an interface that receives POTS service, typically from a central office of the public switched telephone network. FXS Foreign eXchange Subscriber; an interface that delivers POTS service from the local phone company and must be connected to subscriber equipment. G gain The ability of a system to adjust the power or amplitude of a signal between the input and the output of a given circuit. Gain can be in the form of amplification or attenuation in either a digital or analog process; no change in the signal as it passes through is called unity gain or simply unity. gatekeeper A call control device used with H.323. Gatekeepers provide registration, security, and call control in an otherwise unsecure and uncontrolled environment. gaze angle Based on the position of a camera to the display, an angle that allows a participant in a room to look a far-end participant in the eye, or at the display, and still maintain eye contact with the far-end participant on the display. GLBP Gateway Load Balancing Protocol; a Cisco proprietary protocol that offers gateway redundancy. This protocol was designed to overcome the limitations with HSRP and VRRP. It protects data traffic from a failed router or circuit, while also allowing packet load sharing between a group of redundant routers. global directory A phone book that originates on a server outside of the endpoint itself that is pushed out to the endpoint, so the directory entries live on the endpoint just as the local directory entries live on the endpoint. good levels A modifier that identifies an audio signal that is significantly higher than the noise floor (good S/NR) but not so strong as to cause clipping and may also indicate leaving appropriate headroom. group A prioritized list of one or more call-processing servers within Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Cisco Unified Communications Manager Groups are used to collect servers within a cluster that run the Cisco CallManager service in order to provide call-processing redundancy. Group Call Management An advanced call queue capability that makes it easy and affordable to support high call volume and team call handling services as a core part of Webex Calling. It adds key features that provide supervisor capabilities, enhanced queue policies to determine call routing based on business hours, skill-based routing, callback capabilities for customers, and reports and analytics for administrators. Group Call Pickup This feature enables a user to answer any ringing line within their pickup group. A pickup group is an administrator-defined set of users within a site to which the Call Pickup feature applies. GRQ Gatekeeper Request; a RAS broadcast message initiated by an endpoint and used to locate a gatekeeper within the broadcast domain. The gatekeeper to respond will send a GCF, or Gatekeeper Confirm. GTS Generic Traffic Shaping; a QoS shaping tool used on output interfaces to help smooth out mismatches in the network and limit transmission rates. GUI Graphical user interface; in this context, a method of visually checking a voice mailbox through the Cisco Unity Connection server. H H.224 The standard for far-end camera control. H.239 The H.320 and H.323 standard for content sharing. H.245 The process used in H.323 for capability set exchange, master/slave negotiation, and opening logical channels, or ports. H.245 is also responsible for closing logical channels at the end of the call. H.261 The minimum standard that must be used and was the first of the ITU video codecs. This codec will support QCIF and CIF formats; it uses 64 kbps to 2 Mbps of bandwidth to transmit and receive video. This standard is usually utilized only by legacy devices. H.263 The standard that came out after H.261 and offers superior advantages. H.263 has better compression, especially in the lower bitrate range, and uses basically the same bandwidth. H.263 also offers support for SQCIF 4CIF and 16CIF at a little less than 30 fps, hence a crisper image. H.264 The standard sometimes called MPEG-4; it came out at a time when HD communication was being more readily used. This standard was created by the ITU in cooperation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission. It currently is most often used for high-definition video. It is based off MPEG-4 and delivers video that is at the same quality as H.263. The reason it is so favored currently is its capability to deliver video at half the bandwidth usage as H.263. H.265 HEVC A high-efficiency video codec; it is a draft compression standard ratified in 2013. It’s a logical successor to H.264 AVC, aimed at reducing bitrate significantly due to the complexity of mathematical calculations; and it leverages new compression and prediction techniques. H.320 An ITU umbrella standard that encompasses many other standards for circuit-switched communication. H.323 An ITU umbrella standard for packet-switched communication. H.323 ID An alias that can use any combination of numbers, letters, and/or special characters, but spaces are not allowed. Because of this capability, an H.323 ID can be in the form of a URI. However, an H.323 ID is not a URI because it is not dependent on the domain being a fully qualified domain name. H.460.17 An H.323 firewall and NAT traversal standard that performs firewall traversal by carrying the media over TCP ports instead of UDP. H.460.18 An H.323 firewall and NAT traversal standard that works just like Assent, except it requires demultiplexed ports 50000 to 52400 to be opened on the firewall. H.460.19 An H.323 firewall and NAT traversal standard that works as a layer on H.460.18 to allow multiplexing the media ports so that only two ports need to be opened for RTP and RTCP media streams. HCS Hosted Collaboration Solution; a cloud offering for Cisco Collaboration through service providers. HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface; an audio and video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device to a compatible display. HDMI is a digital replacement for analog video standards. HD-SDI High-Definition Serial Digital Interface; an interface that consists of a pair of SMPTE 292M links. It provides a nominal 2.970 Gbps interface used in applications that require greater fidelity and resolution than standard HDTV can provide. headroom A safety zone for unintended peaks in a signal. It becomes particularly important when a signal may go through several opportunities for gain adjustment within a given system. Microphones, mixers, and amplifiers should be adjusted to always allow adequate headroom to avoid clipping. historical log A compressed folder containing all the current logs on a CE software-based endpoint designed to send to a Cisco TAC agent over email or file share. Historical logs are created each time the endpoint is rebooted. HSRP Hot Standby Router Protocol; a Cisco proprietary protocol that provides a fault-tolerant default gateway in the event the primary default gateway should fail. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol; the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. This protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. HTTPS Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol; an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is used for secure communication over a computer network and is widely used on the Internet. HTTPS Reverse Proxy Cisco MRA settings that provide a mechanism to support visual voicemail access, contact photo retrieval, Cisco Jabber custom tabs, and other data applications. Hub_None A sample location that typically serves as a hub linking two or more locations. It is configured by default with the Unlimited intralocation bandwidth allocations for audio, video, and immersive bandwidth, but you can specify bandwidth allocations for each of these. By default, devices not assigned to other locations are assigned to Hub_None automatically. hunt exhaustion A status in the CUCM that occurs after hunting has tried the last line-group member and there were no other line-group members or other line groups to be used. hunt group Hunt groups route incoming calls to specific employees in a predetermined pattern. This is done by assigning a phone number to a group of employees and then setting rules that define how the call is answered, how long the call remains on hold, and who to forward the call to. hunting The capability to route or reroute a call to a group of users within the CUCM so that calls are not just dropped when the originally intended target is not reached. hypercardioid mic A directional mic that has a narrow focal range, so a larger lobe at the rear of the mic develops. I ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers; an organization that has been managing IP addresses and domains since 1998. ICE Interactive Connectivity Establishment; a framework that pulls together a number of different techniques such as TURN and STUN; it provides a mechanism for SIP client NAT traversal. It allows clients residing behind NAT devices to discover paths through which they can pass media, verify peer-to-peer connectivity via each of these paths, and then select the optimum media connection path. The available paths typically depend on any inbound and outbound connection restrictions that have been configured on the NAT device. IDD International Direct Dialing; a trunk prefix, also called an international call prefix or dial-out code, used to select an international telephone circuit for placing an international call. Identity Management A system that involves the management of individuals and the authentication and authorization of these individuals. IDS Informix Dynamics Server; an IBM-based database management system. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; an association that controls communication using packet-switched technology. IETF Internet Engineering Task Force; an open standards organization that develops Internet standards. IM Instant messaging; a text-based communications tool that allows real-time text messages to be sent over the Internet. IM forking A process by which an end user sends an instant message to a contact who is signed into multiple IM clients, and Cisco IMP Service delivers the instant message to each client. Cisco IMP Service continues to fork instant messages to each client until the contact replies. After the contact replies, Cisco IMP Service only delivers instant messages to the client on which the contact replied. IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol; an Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection. IMAP is defined by RFC 3501. IME Intercompany Media Engine; a Cisco network management application that provides system health, events, and collaboration monitoring in addition to reporting and configuration for up to 10 sensors. IME monitors sensor health using customizable dashboards and provides security alerts through RSS feed integration from Cisco Security Center. IMP IM and Presence; the Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence Service that provides native standards-based, dual-protocol, enterprise instant messaging, and network-based presence as part of Cisco Unified Communications. IMS Identity Management System; an internal library inside the CUCM that is used to challenge both end user and application user authentication when services try to log in. inductive loop An electromagnetic communication or detection system that uses a moving magnet or an alternating current to induce an electric current in a nearby wire. Induction loops are used for transmission and reception of communication signals, or for detection of metal objects in metal detectors or vehicle presence indicators. Intelligent Proximity for Content Sharing A Cisco proprietary protocol, also referred to as simply Intelligent Proximity, that uses an ultrasonic audio tone, unheard by the human ear, that pairs the endpoint with the Intelligent Proximity application. This application can be installed on a smartphone, tablet, Mac computer, or Windows computer. Once paired, the application will use a Wi-Fi signal, which must be on the same network as the endpoint, to establish communication. Then the Intelligent Proximity app can be used to view and select participants to call from the directories on the endpoint, launch calls, answer incoming calls, and view content being shared during a call. You can scroll back and view previously shared information even when the presenter is sharing something different, and you can take snapshots of the content to peruse after the call ends. When using Intelligent Proximity from a Mac or Windows computer, you can also share content through the application. Intelligent Proximity MV Intelligent Proximity for Mobile Voice; a service in some Cisco IP phones that brings the worlds of desk phone and mobile phone together. You can move the audio path over to the Cisco IP Phone 8851 during active mobile calls to take advantage of its superior audio acoustics. You also can share contact information from a mobile phone to the desk phone for ease of call placement. Intelligent Proximity MV uses Bluetooth technology for audio and contact sharing. interlaced scanning A scanning process by which pixels are populated within a frame working from top to bottom, left to right. Odd lines and even lines are populated separately on alternating frames. intersite routing A type of call-routing that occurs between multiple sites. A translation pattern is used for both centralized and distributed call-processing deployment models. IntServ A QoS network design model that uses RSVP to guarantee predictable behavior on the network for applications that have specific bandwidth and delay requirements. IOS XE Internetworking Operating System XE; a combination of a Linux kernel and a monolithic application that runs on top of this kernel. IOS is a monolithic operating system that runs directly on the hardware itself. IP VMS IP Voice Media Streaming Service; a Cisco Unified Communications Manager service that provides software-based media resources. IPP IP Precedence; a Layer 3 QoS classification for marking packets. IPsec V3PN IP Security Virtual Private Network; a network that integrates three core Cisco technologies: IP Telephony, QoS, and IPsec VPN. The result is an end-to-end VPN service that can guarantee the delivery of latency-sensitive voice and video communications. ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network; a network that is similar to POTS, but the original analog signal is converted to digital format before it is sent across a wire. That digital signal must be converted back to analog at the receiving phone. ISDN uses time-division multiplexing to send the digital signals across the copper wire. ISR Integrated Services Router; a Layer 3 Cisco router that provides many other services than a typical Layer 3 router. ITL Identity Trust List; a certificate of authentication that allows the phone to verify that the configuration file came from a trusted source. ITLs by themselves use asymmetric cryptography to authenticate the identity of the server. ITU International Telecommunication Union; a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for standardizing communication technologies. ITU BT.709 A standard that defines the color space, resolutions, and frame rates of widescreen high-definition television using the 16:9 aspect ratio. ITU-R BT.601 A standard that defines the color space, resolutions, and frame rates for encoding interlaced analog video signals into digital video form. A signal that conforms to the BT.601 standard can be regarded as if it is a digitally encoded analog component video signal. IVR Interactive Voice Response; an auto attendant of sorts that allows a caller to enter the destination alias of the intended target after an initial number has been dialed. IX Immersive Experience; a branding type for Cisco Telepresence endpoints that offers an in-room immersive endpoint for premium quality collaboration. This is the only Cisco Telepresence endpoint that does not run the CE software. Rather, it runs an older version of CTS software. J Jabber A soft client tool that includes the most commonly used Cisco UC tools in a single software package. Java MIDlets Applications on Cisco IP phones that allow more sophisticated application capabilities such as animated graphics, custom user interface objects, advanced network connectivity, and persistent local storage. jitter A delay that is similar to latency; however, jitter is a variable of the latency that occurs over a period of time. JSON JavaScript Object Notation; a lightweight data-interchange format or text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make JSON an ideal data-interchange language. K–L KEM Key Expansion Module; a side card that attaches to supported phones and increases the number of lines supported on that phone. KPML Key Press Markup Language; an XML notation that allows digits to be sent one by one, similar to digit-by-digit analysis. Unlike NTE, which is an in-band method of sending DTMF, KPML uses the signaling channel (out-of-band, or OOB) to send SIP messages containing the DTMF digits. KPML procedures use a SIP SUBSCRIBE message to register for DTMF digits. The digits themselves are delivered in NOTIFY messages containing an XML-encoded body. LAN Local area network; a network within a single confined area. latency The delay packets experience when traversing across many different network devices. LCD Liquid crystal display. LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol; a search protocol used most commonly for extracting user information from a corporate directory. LDAP authentication A process that enables the IMS library to authenticate user credentials of LDAP-synchronized end users against a corporate LDAP directory using the LDAP standard Simple_Bind operation. LDAP Manager Distinguished Name An LDAP setting in the CUCM where an LDAP manager account from the LDAP database should be specified. To import the data into the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database, the system performs a bind to the LDAP directory using the account specified in the configuration as the LDAP Manager Distinguished Name and reading of the database is done with this account. LDAP synchronization A process that uses an internal tool called Cisco Directory Synchronization, or DirSync, on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager to synchronize a number of user attributes from a corporate LDAP directory. LED Light-emitting diode; a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. LFI Link Fragmentation and Interleaving; a tool that can reduce delay and jitter on slower-speed links by breaking up large data packets and interleaving low-delay traffic packets with the resulting smaller packets. LFI is typically used on slow WAN links to ensure minimal delay for voice and video traffic. line level The output of any device with an internal pre-amplifier. link efficiency Methods used to reduce the overhead that is associated with voice and video transportation. These bandwidth-saving mechanisms, such as compression, link fragmentation, and interleaving, help support large amounts of traffic over a slower link. LLDP-MED Link Layer Discovery Protocol-Media Endpoint Discovery is an open-source protocol that can be used cross-vendor at Layer 2 of the network for device and information discovery across a network. LLQ Low-Latency Queueing; a congestion management mechanism developed by Cisco to bring strict priority queuing to Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing. LLQ allows delay-sensitive data, such as voice and video, to be given preferential treatment over other traffic by letting this data be dequeued and sent first. Local Agent A service that runs backup and restore scripts on the server. In a cluster, the Local Agent runs backup and restore scripts on each node in the cluster. local directory A collection of aliases that have been saved directly on the endpoint itself. Local Gateway A trunk created between a Cisco router (typically located at the customer site) and Webex Control Hub. The Local Gateway is used to route calls from Webex to the PSTN connection as well as from the PSTN connection to Webex. Cisco recommends using Cisco UBE for the PSTN connection. local route group A group within a route plan that can decouple the location of a PSTN gateway from the route patterns that are used to access the gateway. location The aspect of CAC on the CUCM that determines the amount of total bandwidth available for all calls within a particular site, or between sites. When a call is set up, the regional value for that call must be subtracted from the total bandwidth allowed for that site. Locations Locations are settings configured in the Webex Control Hub for Webex Calling that allow users and devices using the calling feature that have the same dialing behaviors based on their location to be grouped together. This can be configured based on any location that will have a Local Gateway assigned to it. lossless A compression algorithm that searches content for statistically redundant information that can be represented in a compressed state without losing any original information. lossy A compression algorithm that searches for nonessential content that can be deleted to conserve storage space. luminance A measurement of the brightness of light. LWAP Lightweight Access Point; a wireless access point device that can be controlled by a wireless controller using LWAPP. LWAPP Lightweight Access Point Protocol; a protocol that allows multiple Wi-Fi wireless access points, called LWAPs, to be controlled all at once from a single management device, called a wireless controller, including configuring, monitoring, or troubleshooting. M macroblock A division of units that are a collection of pixels generally 16×16 in size but can be divided into 8×8 and 4×4 sizes as well. manual backup A backup that is initiated by an administrator and starts immediately. Master Agent A service that stores systemwide component registration information, maintains a complete set of scheduled tasks in an XML file, and updates this file when it receives updates of schedules from the user interface. The Master Agent sends executable tasks to the applicable Local Agents, as scheduled. The Local Agents execute immediate backup tasks without delay. The Master Agent stores backup data on a local attached drive or at a remote network location. media resource A software-based or hardware-based entity that performs media processing functions on the data streams to which it is connected. mic level The level of voltage that comes out of a microphone when someone speaks into it is known as the microphone level signal, or mic level (–60dBV to –40dBV). Because mics are self-contained, they produce a much smaller signal than amplifiers, which needs to be treated differently by the device that receives its signal. This is why devices, such as endpoints, have mic level settings and line level settings. Migration Insights Migration Insights is a tool designed to help you to plan your Jabber migration from an on-premises deployment to cloud deployment. It allows you to gather the required information about the user’s existing on-premises deployment services, such as third-party integration, endpoint types and configurations, and the type of services used by the end users. millibar 100 pascals. MIMO Multiple Input and Multiple Output; a method for multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmission and receiving antennas to exploit multipath propagation. MIMO has become an essential element of wireless communication standards including IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, HSPA+ (3G), WiMAX (4G), and Long Term Evolution (4G LTE). More recently, MIMO has been applied to power-line communication for three-wire installations as part of ITU G.hn standard and HomePlug AV2 specification. MOH Music On Hold; streaming music to callers on hold. mono The audio signal played when only one channel is used for both left and right speakers. MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching; a transport protocol that uses labels to route traffic rather than network addresses. Packets are forwarded based on the content of the label, so deciphering between voice, video, and data is simple. It is protocol agnostic, so it will function in circuit-switched or packet-switched networks. MPP Multiplatform Phone firmware is the software that must be installed on an IP Phone before it can register to the Webex Control Hub. MRA Mobile and Remote Access; a Cisco feature that uses the Expressway series devices to proxy registrations to the CUCM from endpoints outside the corporate network without the use of a VPN. MRGL Media Resource Group List; a prioritized list of Media Resource Groups. MTLS Mutual TLS, also referred to as TLS Verify; a process in which both parties authenticate each other by verifying the provided digital certificate so that both parties are assured of the other’s identity. MTP Media Termination Point; a media resource that allows the passing of a stream from one noncontiguous connection to another. multipoint An industrywide term used to describe any call that involves three or more participants. multisite The option key available on CE software-based endpoints that enable the endpoints to host a multipoint call. multiway Call escalation from a point-to-point call to a multipoint call hosted on a Multipoint Conferencing Unit. Multiway is a function used by the Cisco VCS through a setting called Conference Factory. It can be used only in conjunction with Cisco Telepresence MCUs, which are end-of-life products. Mutual TLS See MTLS and TLS Verify. MWI Message Waiting Indicator. MX Multipurpose Experience; a branding type for Cisco Telepresence endpoints that offers a plug-and-play meeting room endpoint for customers that’s ready to use out of the box. N NANP North American Numbering Plan; a standardized national dial plan that assigns individual or blocks of telephone numbers, which are called E.164 addresses, to physical lines or circuits. NAT Network Address Translation; a process of masquerading private IP addresses with public IP addresses. network services Services that enable network-related capabilities in the CUCM and cannot be enabled or disabled by an administrator. However, they can be stopped, started, and restarted. Newton The standard international unit for force. It is equal to the amount of net force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared. NR No Radio; a prefix signifying that all features that depend on a radio variant have been removed from certain Cisco phone models. NRC rating Noise Reduction Coefficient rating; a measurement that informs the degree a substance absorbs sound energy, usually applied to building materials. NTE Named Telephony Events; a method of sending DTMF from one endpoint to another after the call media has been established. The tones are sent as packet data using the already-established RTP stream and are distinguished from the audio by the RTP payload type field. NTP Network Time Protocol; a protocol for synchronizing computer system clocks over IP networks. NTP has a hierarchical organization that is based on clock strata. Stratum 0 is an extremely precise clock source, such as an atomic clock or radio clock. A stratum 1 server is directly connected to a stratum 0 clock and can provide time information to other (stratum 2) devices, which in turn serve stratum 3 devices. Numbers A list of phone numbers, sorted by location, that can be used for Webex Calling. Numbers can be assigned to the main number of the organization, to a workspace, or to a user. Some services can also have a number assigned to them, such as a group voicemail. O OAM Operation, administration, and maintenance; the processes that allow the Ethernet interfaces on devices to support the IEEE 802.3ah standard for operation, administration, and maintenance of Ethernet in access networks. The standard defines OAM link fault management. OBTP One-Button-to-Push; a Cisco technology that allows participants to press a single button to join a scheduled meeting. offline IM Instant messages stored for users who are currently offline. off-net A setting that applies a marker to calls on the CUCM that leave the IP network and traverse the PSTN circuit-switched network. Applying this marker allows other call behavior settings to be applied. omnidirectional mic A microphone with a polar pickup area intended to be at the center of a group of audio sources with a 360-degree pickup area. on-net A setting that applies a marker to calls on the CUCM that remain on the IP network, even when they leave the corporate network. Applying this marker allows other call behavior settings to be applied. Option 66 An industrywide protocol created by the IETF that allows TFTP server address information to be discovered during DHCP negotiation. Option 150 A Cisco proprietary protocol that allows TFTP server address information to be discovered during DHCP negotiation. OS Operating system. OSD Onscreen display. OSPF Open Shortest Path First; a Layer 3 routing protocol that uses a link-state routing algorithm and falls into the group of Interior Gateway Protocols, operating within a single autonomous system. OU Organizational unit; a subcategory in an LDAP hierarchical tree used to categorize users or devices within an organization. OV certificates Organization validation certificates; certificates for which the CA checks the right of the applicant to use a specific domain name and conducts some vetting of the organization. Additional vetted company information is displayed to customers when clicking on the Secure Site Seal, giving enhanced visibility in who is behind the site and associated enhanced trust. overlap sending and receiving A function that allows digits to be sent or received one by one over an ISDN PRI. over-sampling Sampling an analog input signal at a rate much higher than the minimum frequency required by the Nyquist-Shannon theorem. P packet loss The dropping of packets by the router due to congestion on a link. paging group Group Paging allows a user to place a one-way call or group page to up to 75 target users and workspaces by dialing a number or extension assigned to a specific paging group. You can create a paging group so that users can send an audio message to a person, a department, or a team. partition A group of dialable patterns within the CUCM that share identical accessibility. Pascal A measurement of one newton of pressure per square meter. PAT Port Address Translation; an alternative to NAT but works in a similar fashion. PBX Private branch exchange; a system that operates in a similar fashion to the automatic telephone exchange, except that the purpose of a PBX is to route calls within a business exclusively. PBXs can also connect to the outside world over the public telephone network, but they operate on the same circuit-switched network using POTS or ISDN. PCM Pulse-code modulation; a technique in which the amplitude of an analog signal is converted to a binary value represented as a series of pulses. PD Powered device; an IEEE term used to describe a device that receives power from another device using PoE. PDL Plasma display panel; a type of flat-panel display that uses small cells containing plasma, which is ionized gas that responds to electric fields. People+Content A proprietary protocol for content sharing that was originally designed by PictureTel and later developed by Polycom. Perfmon counters Performance counters on RTMT that contain information on the CUCM, CUC, and IMP systems, as well as devices on these systems. Personal Contacts Directory entries that can be saved on any phone or device for faster calling. Personal Contacts are another type of user in Webex and can include any of the previously mentioned user types as entries. Personal Rooms Webex meeting rooms that are assigned to and used by specific users. Phantom A location that specifies unlimited bandwidth for audio, video, and immersive calls. You specify this location to allow successful call admission control for calls across intercluster trunks that use the H.323 or SIP trunks to certain destinations that support the earlier location CAC feature. PHB Per hop behavior; a Layer 3 QoS classification for marking packets. PIMG PBX IP Media Gateway; a Cisco device used to integrate Cisco Unity Connection with the circuit-switched network. PIP Picture-in-picture; a video screen layout in which a smaller video pane can exist within a larger video pane. pixel A contraction of the words picture and element; it generally is used to describe the smallest component of a digital image. pixel saturation The total number of pixels that make up a frame. Multiplying the two numbers in a resolution will provide the pixel saturation. PKI Public key infrastructure; a set of roles, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. PMP Personal Multiparty Plus; a product for which licenses can be purchased as Basic or Advanced. PMP Basic provides one PMP license per user that will support host meetings on the Cisco Meeting Server for up to four participants in each meeting. PMP Advanced provides one PMP license per user that will support host meetings on the Cisco Meeting Server for an undefined number of participants in each meeting. The number of participants for PMP Advanced licenses is limited only by the infrastructure that has been installed. PoE Power over Ethernet; any of several standard or ad hoc systems that pass electric power along with data on twisted-pair Ethernet cabling. This allows a single cable to provide both data connection and electric power to devices such as wireless access points, IP cameras, and VoIP phones. PoE Power Budget The total power a switch can supply down Ethernet cables. polar pattern The directionality pattern of highest sensitivity for the microphone element. policing Conditioning traffic before transmitting or receiving it through the network. Policing controls traffic bursts by marking or dropping packets when predefined limits are reached. Policing mechanisms can drop traffic classes that have lower QoS priority markings. Policing tools include class-based policing and committed access rate (CAR). POTS Plain old telephone service; the means of audible communication using analog signals transmitted over wire. Power Save A power-saving mode on Cisco IP phones where the backlight or screen turns off when the phone is inactive for a set interval. The backlight can be managed. Power Save Plus A power-saving mode on Cisco IP phones where the phone screen turns on and off at times that are based on the employee’s work schedule. If work hours or work days change, an administrator can reconfigure that employee’s phone. PQ Priority queue; a congestion management technique that guarantees strict priority in that it ensures one type of traffic will be sent, possibly at the expense of all others. For PQ, a low priority queue can be detrimentally affected, and, in the worst case, never allowed to send its packets if a limited amount of bandwidth is available or if the transmission rate of critical traffic is high. Precision Camera A PTZ camera designed by Cisco but loosely based on the PrecisionHD camera. There are two models in this camera line. The Precision 40 camera supports an 8x zoom with an optical zoom of 4x. The Precision 60 supports up to 20x zoom capability. Precision MIC 20 An omnidirectional Cisco tabletop microphone that uses a mini-jack and comes with a built-in mute button. PrecisionHD Camera A PTZ camera originally designed by Tandberg, which was later acquired by Cisco. These cameras come in 4x, 8x, or 12x zoom capabilities. prediction blocks Multiple variable-sized partitions into which a macroblock can be split. In an interpredicted macroblock, a separate motion vector is specified for each partition. prefix A feature of H.323 dial plan architecture that allows easy access to services such as MCUs and gateways. premises-based PSTN Premises-based PSTN (formerly Local Gateway) is one of three options an administrator can choose in Webex Control Hub to leverage for PSTN connections when setting up Webex Calling. Choose this option if you want to keep your current PSTN provider. Trunks for premises-based PSTN through Local Gateway can also be used to connect to on-premises PBXs. You can retain existing Local Gateway functionality without making any configuration changes. Locations using Local Gateway are set to Premises-based PSTN, and the Local Gateways become trunks. presence An indicator light that identifies if a user is online, offline, away, or busy. Prestandard PoE A Cisco proprietary protocol that supplies power to IP phones over an Ethernet cable. Prestandard PoE supports up to 7W of power. PRI Primary Rate Interface; a telecommunications interface standard used on an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) to carry multiple DS0 voice and data transmissions between the network and a user. PRI is the standard for providing telecommunication services to enterprises and offices. Priority Alert A user-configurable feature that allows users to set up unique ringtones based on predefined criteria. progressive scanning A scanning process by which pixels are populated within a frame working from top to bottom, left to right, and all lines are populated for each frame. PSE Power sourcing equipment; an IEEE term used to describe any device capable of supplying power to another device using PoE. PSTN Public switched telephone network; the world’s collection of interconnected circuit-switched public telephone networks. PSTN routing A type of call routing that occurs between a site and the PSTN. PTR Reverse Pointer Record; a setting that maps an IP address to a domain name, while a record maps the domain name to an IP address. PTZ Pan, Tilt, Zoom; a description used for cameras that have the automated capability to be repositioned within a room. PVC Permanent virtual circuit. Q–R Q.931 A standard based on the ISDN H.320 standard; it contains the source and destination IP address, in hexadecimal format, and any crypto-hash token if a call is to be encrypted. Q.931 is also responsible for the Alerting and Connect messages sent from the destination endpoint. QoS Quality of service; a Layer 3 management tool used to allow or drop packets traversing through a router based on priority. quantization The act of sampling an analog signal for the purpose of reducing it to a smaller set of manageable digital values. Also known as quantizing. quantization error The difference between the resulting digital representation of an original analog signal and the actual value of the original analog signal. RAS Registration, Admission, and Status; an ITU-created communication protocol that identifies all messaging schemes between any device and a gatekeeper using H.323. RBG Red, Blue, Green; a component signal that breaks out a separate channel for luminance (Y), chrominance red (R), chrominance blue (B), and chrominance green (G). RCA An analog audio and video cable for composite analog video. The name was taken from the company called Radio Corporation of America. Receptionist Client A web-based tool that combines your desk phone with a desktop interface and enables you to process calls to users within your organization. You can screen incoming calls, manage calls and contacts, and monitor calls in a queue. reflection An effect caused when an object of obstruction causes sound waves to bounce, or reflect, into another direction. The law of reflection is the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. registration-based Local Gateway With a registration-based connection, you create the connection in Control Hub, and you are provided with credentials to allow your Local Gateway to create a TCP connection to the cloud. This is a one-way connection from the Local Gateway to the cloud. The connection does not require CA-signed certificates; however, the link has a lower call capacity and is not as durable if there are any network issues, such as high latency or packet loss. regions Sites where the bandwidth of audio and video calls can be set on a per-call basis. The audio limit on a region can result in filtering out codecs with higher bit rates. However, for video calls, the video limit constrains the quality (resolution and transmission rate) of the video. Regions control per-call bandwidth within a site and between sites. remote browse A feature on RTMT that allows administrators to view traces on the server without downloading the trace files. Remote Browse can also be used to download these trace files. rendezvous conferencing An always-on conference space that can be joined at any time. resolution The number of pixels within a digital frame. Restore Wizard A tool embedded in the backup and restore system. It is used if a recovery from a server failure is needed. reverb time The amount of time a sound takes to eventually lose enough energy and drop below the level of perception. reverberations The prolonging of a sound caused by the reception of multiple reflections off walls and ceilings within a few milliseconds of each other, also known as late reflections. RF Radio frequency; In general terms, RF is any electromagnetic wave frequency that oscillates in the range of 3 kHz and 300 GHz. The Wi-Fi channel coverage provided by AP radios operates in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. RFC Request for Comments; a type of publication from the IETF that describes methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the working of the Internet and Internet-connected systems. RGBQuantizationRange A video output setting on Cisco CE software-based endpoints. Devices connected to an HDMI output should follow the rules for RGB video quantization range defined in CEA-861. Unfortunately, some devices do not follow the standard and this configuration on CE endpoints may be used to override the settings to get a perfect image with any display. Most HDMI displays expect full quantization range. RIP Request In Progress; a RAS message sent by a gatekeeper that informs the H.323 endpoint that a request is being processed. RIS Real-Time Information server; a server that maintains real-time information such as device registration status, performance counter statistics, critical alarms generated, and so on. The Cisco RIS Data Collector service provides an interface for applications, such as the IM and Presence Real-Time Monitoring Tool (RTMT), SOAP applications, and so on, to retrieve the information that is stored in all RIS nodes in the cluster. RMS Root mean squared; a method used to calculate a comparable measure of power efficiency. RMS Rich Media Session; a type of license that can be installed on the Expressway Core and Expressway Edge servers. These licenses allow for B2B calling and SIP-to-Microsoft interworking capabilities. RNAR Ring No Answer Revision; a ring duration timer used with hunting on the CUCM. When a device rings to the full duration of the RNAR, the hunt will continue on to the next participant. root CA The certificate authority server that generates, signs, and authenticates certificates used for authentication. This is the authority for all certificates signed by it. root CA certificate A certificate that establishes a trusted chain beginning at the root CA, through the root CA certificate, and ending at the certificate that was signed. route filter A filter that restricts certain numbers that are otherwise allowed by the route pattern. route group Available paths; the route group distributes calls to gateways and trunks. route list A prioritized list of the available paths for a call. route pattern A pattern that matches an external dialed string and uses it to select a gateway or a corresponding route list. routing prefix A type of prefix that is configured on a gateway or bridge and registers to an H.323 gatekeeper. It is used to route all calls to that server regardless of the following digits. RRQ Registration Request; a RAS message initiated by an endpoint to attempt to register to a gatekeeper. The gatekeeper will respond with either RCF (Registration Confirm) or RRJ (Registration Reject). RSA Rivest-Shamir-Adleman; a public-key cryptographic system used for secure data transmission. RTMT Real-Time Monitoring Tool; a service that runs as a client application and uses HTTPS and TCP to monitor system performance, device status, device discovery, CTI applications, and voice-messaging ports. RTP Real-time Transport Protocol; a protocol used over UDP to carry real-time media traffic. S sample Measurement of an analog signal that must be taken at precise points. SBC A Session Border Controller is an edge service that provides voice and video connectivity between the enterprise IP network and a service provider network. The service provider will make the conversion from IP to ISDN, and vice versa. Cisco UBE is a SBC. SCCP Skinny Call Control Protocol; a Cisco proprietary protocol used for voice communication over IP. Scheduler A Disaster Recovery tool in the CUCM that allows the administrator to perform automatic backups in specific time frames. SCIM The System for Cross-domain Identity Management API is an open standard for automating the exchange of user identity information between identity domains and IT systems. SCIM is designed to make it easier to manage user identities in cloud-based applications and services. SCIM uses a standardized API through REST. SDP Session Description Protocol; a protocol used during SIP call setup to exchange capabilities and identify UDP ports to be used. Selective Calling A user-configurable feature that allows a user to choose which calls to accept, reject, or forward based on the phone number, who’s calling, and/or the time and day of the call. self-provisioning A feature that allows phones to be provisioned across the network by enabling end users to provision their own phones without contacting an administrator. Sequential Ring A user-configurable feature that allows the user to create a list of up to five additional numbers to ring, in a specific order, when receiving incoming calls following the schedules they create. Server Report A Cisco Unified Serviceability Report generated on the CUC that contains statistics on the server performance for the day. service A set of parameters that encapsulate a specific feature or function within the Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Service Number A Service Number that is a machine account for a feature such a hunt group, paging, or conference device is another type of user in Webex. service parameter A factor used to define settings for a specific feature service on an individual server. Unlike enterprise parameters, service parameters are defined separately for each server in the cluster and for each feature service enabled on each server. Service Profile A configuration menu on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager that allows UC Services to be grouped together. A service profile can then be applied to an end user to use with their assigned phones. servlet A Java class that receives an HTTP or HTTPS request and generates a response that is based on that request. shadow A system location created for inter-cluster Enhanced Location CAC. To pass locations across clusters, the SIP inter-cluster trunk (ICT) must be assigned to the system location Shadow. shaping mechanisms Mechanisms used on output interfaces to help smooth out mismatches in the network and limit transmission rates. Although these mechanisms are typically used to limit the flow from a high-speed link to a low-speed link, shaping could also be used to manage the flow of traffic at a point in the network where multiple flows are aggregated. shotgun mic A directional mic with a narrow pickup range, but it can also pick up sound from the greatest distances. SIF Source input format; a format defined by the ISO as part of MPEG-1. Often referred to as a “Constrained parameters bit stream,” SIF defines the minimum specifications any decoder should be able to handle to provide a decent balance between quality and transmission performance. SIMPLE Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions; an instant messaging and presence protocol suite based on Session Initiation Protocol. Simultaneous Ring A user-configurable feature that rings the user’s office phone and other phones of their choice at the same time. The user can also set up schedules to ring these phones during certain times of the day and/or days of the week. sine wave A mathematical curve indicating that all the signal energy is concentrated at one frequency. Single number reach (office anywhere) A user-configurable feature that enables the user to make, receive, and move calls to or from any device without interruption. SIP Session Initiation Protocol; an IETF signaling protocol used for real-time sessions, such as voice, video, and instant messaging. SIP proxy A function of the SIP server used to connect devices in voice or video calls. SIP registrar A function of the SIP server used to map SIP URI addresses to IP addresses for SIP endpoints when they register. SIP server The call control device for SIP voice and video systems. SIPS A term used to define a secure layer over SIP; Secure SIP, or Secure Session Initiation Protocol. SLDAP Secure Lightweight Directory Access Protocol; a protocol that enables LDAP to be sent over a Secure Sockets Layer connection and can be enabled by adding the LDAP server into the Tomcat trust store within the Unified CM Platform Administration. SMP Shares Multiparty Plus; an application that allows licenses to be added to the Cisco Meeting Server so that any user can create and join a meeting using this license. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol; an Internet standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior. SNR Single Number Reach. SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol; a messaging protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. Its purpose is to provide extensibility, neutrality, and independence. Soft Phone mode A user mode in which the Cisco Jabber client behaves like an IP phone and originates and terminates all audio and video communication interactions on the software endpoint itself. sound pressure The disruption of the normal atmospheric pressure caused by a sound wave. Half of a sound wave is made up of the compression of the medium, and the other half is the decompression or rarefaction of the medium. Sound pressure is measured in pascals or millibars. SP Service Provider is the name Cisco uses to describe partners who host Cisco equipment within their own data centers and then sell those services to customers directly. Speaker Track 60 A dual-camera system that enhances the user experience by each camera zooming in on an individual participant in a meeting based on who’s speaking. If one camera is zoomed in on one participant in a room and another participant starts speaking, the second camera will zoom in on that participant before the camera switches to the new participant view. SPID Service profile identifier. SRST Survivable Remote Site Telephony; a redundancy feature available on Cisco IOS routers that allows Cisco Unified IP phones registered to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager from remote office locations to register to their local router during WAN network failure events. SRTP Secure Real-time Transport Protocol; a secure protocol over TLS used over UDP to carry real-time media traffic. SRV record A location service within DNS that can be used to identify protocols, port numbers, and host names of servers for particular services. SSID Service Set Identifier; the name assigned to a wireless broadcast signal so that users can easily select the Wi-Fi network to which they need to connect. SSL Secure Sockets Layer; a legacy cryptographic protocol that provides communications security over a computer network for TCP and UDP traffic. SSL has been replaced by the more secure TLS. SSO Single sign-on; a form of identity management that allows users to sign into one application, such as a computer, and access all other associated applications. stacker A link efficiency compression algorithm that compresses the payload of Layer 2 frames. Also referred to as a predictor algorithm. stereo An audio signal that has two channels, one for left speakers and one for right speakers. STP Spanning Tree Protocol; a Layer 2 protocol that runs on switches and is specified by the IEEE standard 802.1d. The purpose of STP is to prevent loops when configuring redundant paths within the network. Different flavors of STP can be used, and each one requires different timing for convergence. Therefore, it is recommended that the same version of STP is used within a single environment. Some of the other Spanning Tree Protocols that exist include IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and IEEE 802.1s Multiple Instance Spanning Tree Protocol (MISTP). stratum A hierarchical organization within NTP that is based on clock strata. Stratum 0 is an extremely precise clock source, such as an atomic clock or radio clock. A stratum 1 server is directly connected to a stratum 0 clock and can provide time information to other (stratum 2) devices, which in turn serve stratum 3 devices, and so on. STUN Session Traversal Utilities for NAT; a set of methods that requires a STUN client, which could be a phone or some other device that sends packets to a STUN server on the Internet. The STUN server replies with information about the IP address and ports from which the packets were received and detects the type of NAT device through which the packets were sent. The STUN client can then use the public IP and assigned port in constructing its headers so that external contacts can reach the client without the need for any other device or technique. After the STUN server assigns a port, it is no longer involved in the line of communication. supercardioid mic A directional mic that has a narrower range of focus. As a result of this narrowing, a small lobe develops behind the mic and may require consideration. S-Video Separate video, or Y/C; a composite video for analog video signals. S-Video separates the luminance (Y) from the chrominance (C). Although S-Video offers better quality video than other composite video components, it cannot compare to the quality of video from component video. SX Solutions Experience; a branding type for Cisco Telepresence endpoints that offers integrator options for customers. symmetric cryptography A process of negotiating between a server and client that details which encryption algorithm and cryptographic keys to use before the first byte of data is transmitted. Identification is usually in the form of digital “certificates” that contain the server name, the trusted certificate authority, and the server’s public encryption key. synchronization agreement A type of agreement that specifies a search base that is a position in the LDAP tree where the Cisco Unified Communications Manager will begin its search for user accounts to import. T T.150 An early ITU substandard of the H.320 umbrella standard that allows content sharing between devices; Terminal Equipment and Protocols for Telematic Services, otherwise known as the Telewriting Terminal Equipment. T302 Timer A setting that specifies the interdigit timer for variable-length numbers. Reducing the default value will speed up dialing (shorter post-dial delay). TAB Cisco Jabber for Tablet is the option to select to create a TAB device for Webex App on an iPad, Android tablet, or Google Chromebook. TC Telepresence Collaboration; legacy software that came preloaded on Cisco Telepresence endpoints. It has since been replaced by CE software. TCP Transmission Control Protocol; a routing protocol that ensures communication by use of acknowledgments. If an acknowledgment is not received, the packet will be retransmitted. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol; a standard used to control how information is transmitted and received over the Internet. TCT Cisco Dual Mode for iPhone is the option to select to create a TCT device for Webex App on iPhones. TDM Time-division multiplexing; a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized switches at each end of the transmission line so that each signal appears on the line only a fraction of time in an alternating pattern. TDoS Telephony denial of service; a security mechanism used to prevent attacks. TEI Terminal endpoint identifier; a number between 0 and 127, where 0–63 are used for static TEI assignment, 64–126 are used for dynamic assignment, and 127 is used for group assignments. These numbers are used exclusively within an ISDN environment. telepresence An industry term used to identify systems capable of high-quality video and audio communications. text conferencing Ad hoc group chat or persistent group chat; it is supported as part of the Jabber XCP feature set. TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol; a protocol that builds configuration files and serves embedded component executables, ringer files, and device configuration files. TIMG T1 IP Media Gateway; a Cisco device used to integrate Cisco Unity Connection with the circuit-switched network. TIP Telepresence Interoperability Protocol; an open standard that allows RTP and RTCP streams to be multiplexed together. TLS Transport Layer Security; a secure layer of the TCP protocol that uses encryption to scramble data being shared between nodes. TLS Verify A process in which both client and server present and authenticate each other by verifying each other’s provided digital certificate so that both parties are assured of the other’s identity. This process occurs before communication can be established. Also known as Mutual TLS. TMS Telepresence Management Suite; a management solution for Cisco Collaboration that runs on a Microsoft Windows Server. ToD Time of day; a routing component of call privileges that controls when routing is allowed to occur. TON Type of number; a record sent with each telephony transaction through the PSTN. There are two components of a TON: the number type of a called number and the numbering plan. Basically, four different types of numbers can be used. They are Cisco CallManager, National, International, or Unknown, which is the default. Different plans can be used as well, such as Cisco CallManager, ISDN, National Standard, Private, or Unknown. Each type and plan can be used to determine when and how a translation rule should be applied. ToS Type of service; a Layer 3 QoS classification for marking packets. Touch 10 A 10-inch multitouch capacitive control pad that is used to control a Telepresence endpoint. transcoding Converting the data stream from one compression type to another. transform block A processing unit that serves as input to a linear block transform. In the YCbCr color space, each single 16×16 macroblock consists of 16×16 luma (Y) samples and 8×8 chroma (Cb and Cr) samples. These samples are split into four Y blocks, one Cb block, and one Cr block. translation pattern A pattern that when matched provides an entry to the call-routing table. If a dialed number matches the pattern, another number, which is the translated number that is configured at the translation pattern, is looked up in the call-routing table. TRAP Telephone Record and Playback. traversal chaining A more secure means of traversing firewalls when one Expressway is placed within a DMZ. As well as acting as a traversal server, an Expressway-E can act as a traversal client to another Expressway-E. If you chain two Expressway-Es, the first Expressway-E is a traversal server for the Expressway-C. That first Expressway-E is also a traversal client of the second Expressway-E. The second Expressway-E is a traversal server for the first Expressway-E. traversal client zone The zone created on the traversal client, which is the Expressway Core in a typical Cisco Collaboration environment, used to establish communication with the traversal server. Some Cisco endpoints can also be traversal clients, as well as the Expressway Edge. Also, the legacy Cisco VCS Control and VCS Expressway can support the role of traversal client. traversal server zone The zone created on the traversal server, which is the Expressway Edge in a typical Cisco Collaboration environment, used to proxy communication messages to the internal network through the traversal client. The legacy Cisco VCS Expressway can also support the role of traversal server. traversal zone A zone that is used for communication through a firewall. An Expressway Core and an Expressway Edge are required to set up a traversal communication through a firewall. The Expressway Core needs to be located inside the firewall, whereas the Expressway Edge needs to be located outside the firewall or in a DMZ. TRC Telepresence Remote Control. TSPEC Traffic Specification; Cisco APs and wireless Unified Communications clients now use Traffic Specification instead of the QoS Basic Service Set for call admission control. TTS Text-to-Speech. TUI Telephone user interface; an interactive means of accessing the Cisco Unity Connection server using the DTMF touch tones on a telephone. TURN Traversals Using Relays around NAT; a protocol that connects clients behind a NAT to a single peer. Its purpose is to provide the same protection as that created by symmetric NATs and firewalls. Symmetric NATs use dynamic ports that often change. Therefore, the TURN server acts as a relay so that any data received is forwarded on to the client, and port allocation can be updated on the fly. The client on the inside can also be on the receiving end, rather than the sending end, of a connection that is requested by a client on the outside. TVS Trust Verification Service; a remote trust store on the CUCM that can be used by phones with limited storage so that a full certificate trust store does not have to be placed on each IP phone. two-stage dialing A type of connectivity in which all endpoints share a single PSTN number. U UC Unified Communications; a set of products that provide a consistent unified user interface and experience across multiple devices and media types. UC Services A configuration menu on the Cisco Unified Communications Manager that allows various services to be configured. These services include Voicemail, Mailstore, Conferencing, Directory, IM and Presence Service, CTI, Video Conference Scheduling Service, and Cisco Jabber Client Configuration. UCCE Unified Contact Center Enterprise; a service that helps companies deliver proactive and personalized customer experiences for contact centers with up to 24,000 agents. Fault tolerance helps ensure uninterrupted operation. Comprehensive reporting gives you the business intelligence needed to optimize your contact center’s performance. UCCX Unified Contact Center Express; a complete “Contact Center in a Box.” It delivers call routing, management, and administration features, and is designed for businesses ranging from very small to enterprise branch offices with up to 400 agents. UDP User Datagram Protocol; an alternative communications protocol to Transmission Control Protocol used primarily for establishing low-latency and loss-tolerating connections between applications on the Internet. UltraHD Also called UHD or Ultra High-Definition. This resolution defines the latest 4K resolutions available at 3840×2160. UN Unsolicited Notify; a DTMF relay method used primarily by Cisco IOS SIP gateways to transport DTMF digits using SIP NOTIFY messages. Unlike KPML, these NOTIFY messages are unsolicited, and there is no prior registration to receive these messages using a SIP SUBSCRIBE message. Also, unlike KPML, which has an XML-encoded body, the message body in these NOTIFY messages has a 10-character encoded digit, volume, and duration, describing the DTMF event. Similar to KPML, UN messages are OOB. unbalanced audio cable A type of cable that has two wires: one to carry the positive (+) side of a signal, and the other wire shares both the negative () side of the signal and the grounding shield. Inside the cable itself, the signal wire is typically in the center of the cable with the ground wire surrounding it. The ground wire serves two functions. It carries part of the audio signal and serves to shield the main signal wire to some degree from outside interference from noise. It does help reject some noise, but the wire itself also acts like an antenna and picks up noise. under-sampling Sampling an analog input signal at a rate much lower than the minimum frequency required by the Nyquist-Shannon theorem. Unified Communications Traversal Zone A special type of traversal zone on Expressway servers that are used for MRA deployments. This type of traversal zone requires that TLS Verify be used for the highest security in communications. Unified CVP Unified Customer Voice Portal; a system that combines open-standards support for speech with intelligent application development and industry-leading call control to deliver personalized self-service to callers. UPN User Principal Name; the name of a system user in an email address format. The username is followed by the at sign (@) followed by the name of the Internet domain with which the user is associated. URI Uniform Resource Identifier; a string of characters that identifies a particular resource. URIs typically take the form of User@FQDN. URL Uniform Resource Locator; a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. URLs typically take the form of User.FQDN. USB Universal Serial Bus; an industry standard that establishes specifications for cables and connectors and protocols for connection, communication, and power supply between computers, peripheral devices, and other computers. User (in Webex) A person who has a phone or soft client associated with the user account. V VAR Value-added reseller is a name Cisco uses to describe a partner who resells Cisco products and solutions to customers but does not typically host the equipment itself. VCS Video Communications Server; a Cisco (formerly Tandberg) call control device designed specifically for video Telepresence endpoints and devices. The base code of the Cisco VCS is used with the Cisco Expressway servers as well. Verify Domain Verifying your domain is a process in Webex Control Hub used to prove to Webex that you own that domain. Verifying your domain allows you to claim users into your organization if they’re signed up in a different organization. Administrations can click the Verify Domain button to begin this process. VGA Video graphics array; a graphics standard for an analog composite video display controller. The cable that connects to the VGA controller is called a VGA connector. Virtual Extensions A feature that allows you to assign extensions to external phone numbers that users frequently call. VISCA A professional camera control protocol that was originally designed by Sony. This protocol provides pan, tilt, and zoom capabilities to the camera from a remote. visible spectrum A small area of the EMR spectrum that is perceivable to the human eye in the form of color. VLAN Virtual local area network; virtual partitions at Layer 2 of the network used to decouple traffic and logically group data packets being sent across the network. VLANs can be used for QoS. VNC Virtual network computing; a graphical desktop-sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol to remotely control another computer. It transmits the keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another, relaying the graphical-screen updates back in the other direction, over a network. Voice VLAN The virtual partition in the Layer 2 part of the network allocated specifically for voice and video network traffic. Voicemail Group A feature that allows you to manage a shared voicemail and inbound fax box for Webex Calling. You can create a shared voicemail box and inbound fax box to assign to users or call routing features like an Auto Attendant, call queue, or hunt group. With the Voicemail Group feature, you can set up new message notifications, choose where you want the messages stored, and customize the voicemail box greeting. voicemail port An entity that requests a call that the Cisco Unified Communications Manager is routing. When a call is sent to a voicemail system, that system can request that the call be transferred to another directory number, to a PSTN destination, such as the cell phone of a user, or to an assistant. VoIP Voice over IP; an audio technology that allows voice communication to be translated into a binary format and encapsulated into packets and sent across an IP network. VPN Virtual private network; a protocol used to connect two autonomous networks across a WAN. VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol; an IETF protocol based on RFC 5798 that offers default gateway redundancy similar to HSRP. However, these two protocols are mutually exclusive and cannot operate in tandem with one another. VSS Virtual Switching System; a method that ensures redundancy on Cisco Catalyst switches. VUI Voice user interface; an interactive means of accessing the Cisco Unity Connection server using audio prompts and communication. VVID Voice VLAN ID; the numeric value associated with the voice VLAN. W WAN Wide area network; a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of computer networking. WAP Wireless access point; the wireless router that wireless devices connect to. watt The rate of transfer of energy in one second, or one joule per second. A joule is equal to the energy expended in applying a force of one newton through a distance of one meter. wavelength The distance to complete one cycle in an audio wave. WebDAV Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning; an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol that allows clients to perform remote web content authoring operations. WebDAV is defined in RFC 4918 by a working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force. Webex App A soft client that Cisco originally developed as a fully cloud-based application that supports messaging, meeting, and calling. Cisco now supports Webex App registration to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager for on-premises calling. Webex App Hub A website used to deliver pre-built solutions with third-party applications from vendors such as Microsoft, Google Cloud, Miro, Salesforce, and more to deliver a complete collaboration experience. Webex Calling DI Dedicated Instance leverages existing CCP partner peering with Webex Calling for this feature. To enable this feature for DI, Webex Calling introduces a new call routing construct called Route Lists. Webex Calling Route Lists Route Lists in Webex Calling are lists of numbers reachable through a Route Group. Each Route List is exclusively assigned to a Location that supplies up to 40,000 unassigned numbers from the hosted pool. Only customers with DI entitlements can see or configure Route Lists in Control Hub. Webex Control Hub A full cloud-based call control service that manages all aspects of messaging, meeting, and calling. Webex endpoints Cisco Telepresence endpoint products based on the CE endpoint software that offer both integrator solutions and plug-and-play options ready to use out of the box. Webex Events The end-to-end event platform that powers continuous engagement to drive better results for virtual, in-person, and hybrid events. Webex Meeting A virtual space hosted in the cloud that anyone can join from any device anywhere they have an Internet connection. Webex Meeting App A meeting application that allows users to join or start Webex meetings. This app can also be used to share content during a meeting hosted in the Webex cloud. Webex Messaging Allows users to send someone a direct message or bring everyone together easily and quickly into a Webex Space. This feature enables everyone to see and share all the information they need to work together productively in real time by sending messages, sharing files, and creating or editing whiteboards. Webex Teams app A messaging application that allows users to share content and instant messages with other users point-to-point or as a group in a Teams Space. The app can also be used to join Webex meetings or share content during a meeting hosted in the Webex cloud. Webex Webinars Another meeting platform designed for larger townhall-style meetings. Webinars support the same basic features Personal Rooms supports, plus many extra features tailored to larger groups, with a much larger capacity of participant support. WebRTC A free, open project that provides browsers and mobile applications with Real-Time Communications capabilities via simple APIs. WebSocket A bidirectional persistent connection between a client and a server where information can flow back and forth without the overhead of initiating a new TCP connection or authentication for every request. WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing; an algorithm that does not require configuration of access lists to determine the preferred traffic on a serial interface. Rather, the fair queue algorithm dynamically sorts traffic into messages that are part of a conversation. white balance A setting used in cameras to set the reference value for white so that color anomalies caused by color temperature can be corrected. WLAN Wireless local area network, also known as Wi-Fi. Instituted, monitored, and managed by the IEEE, WLAN standards include 802.11a/b/g/n/ac and 802.11ax, also known as Wireless 6. WLC Wireless LAN Controller; a device used to manage wireless access points. WMM TSPEC Wi-Fi Multimedia Traffic Specification; the QoS mechanism that enables WLAN clients to provide an indication of their bandwidth and QoS requirements so that APs can react to those requirements. Workspaces Workspaces, such as conference rooms, lobby phones, and areas, with a device or machine account from the calling environment are another type of user in Webex. WRED Weighted Random Early Detection; an early detection congestion avoidance mechanism that ensures high-precedence traffic has lower loss rates than other traffic during times of congestion. X–Z xAPI Experience API; a new specification for learning technology that makes it possible to collect data about the wide range of experiences a person has (online and offline). This API captures data in a consistent format about a person or group’s activities from many technologies. Very different systems are able to securely communicate by capturing and sharing this stream of activities using xAPI’s simple vocabulary. XCP Extensible Communications Platform; a highly programmable presence and messaging platform that supports the exchange of information between applications in real time. XML application A tool that lets you create interactive service applications with XML objects that are defined for Cisco Unified IP Phones. XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol; a set of open technologies for instant messaging, presence, multiparty chat, voice and video calls, collaboration, lightweight middleware, content syndication, and generalized routing of XML data. YCbCr A color representation model used with digital video signals. Y is the luminance signal, Cb is the chroma blue signal, and Cr is the chroma red signal. Green is deduced from the three signals using an algorithm. YPrPb A color representation model used with analog signals. Y is the luminance signal, Pr is the primary red signal, and Pb is the primary blue signal. Green is deduced from the three signals using an algorithm. YUV A component video process, where Y represents the luminance component, and UV represents the chrominance components. The term is used for a specific analog encoding of color information in television systems. Zoom The adjustability of a lens that creates the illusion of bringing objects closer, or increasing magnification. ==Fair Use Sources== [[Fair Use Sources:
• 0138200947 (CCNP801JB 2023)
• https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/ccnp-and-ccie/9780138200893/gloss.xhtml#gloss

C networking-C nets-C net-C network-C networks, C Language networking-C Language nets-C Language net-C Language network-C Language networks,

C plus plus networking | C++ networking-C plus plus nets-C plus plus net-C plus plus network-C plus plus networks,

C sharp networking | networking-C sharp nets-C sharp net-C sharp network-C sharp networks, C sharp dot net networking | .NET networking-C sharp dot net nets-C sharp dot net net-C sharp dot net network-C sharp dot net networks,

Clojure networking-Clojure nets-Clojure net-Clojure network-Clojure networks,

Go networking-Go nets-Go net-Go network-Go networks, Golang networking-Golang nets-Golang net-Golang network-Golang networks,

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Java networking-Java nets-Java net-Java network-Java networks,

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Node.js networking-Node.js nets-Node.js net-Node.js network-Node.js networks,

Kotlin networking-Kotlin nets-Kotlin net-Kotlin network-Kotlin networks,

Scala networking-Scala nets-Scala net-Scala network-Scala networks,

Python networking-Python nets-Python net-Python network-Python networks,

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Open Port Check Tool (CanYouSeeMe.org), Port Forwarding

Networking GitHub, Awesome Networking. (navbar_networking - see also navbar_network_security)