Coordinates
Coordinates are pairs of numerical values that specify the position of a point in a particular reference system. In the context of geography, coordinates typically refer to geographic coordinates, which are used to identify locations on the Earth's surface. The two most common types of geographic coordinates are latitude and longitude, which together provide a precise description of a point's position. Latitude measures the north-south position, while longitude measures the east-west position.
Coordinates are often expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS), or in decimal degrees (DD) format. For example, the coordinates of the Statue of Liberty in New York City are approximately 40.6892° N latitude and 74.0445° W longitude. Coordinates are used extensively in navigation, mapping, surveying, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to represent and locate points on the Earth's surface accurately.