Hardware Architectural Principles
TLDR: Hardware architectural principles refer to the foundational concepts and strategies used in the design and organization of computing hardware. These principles aim to optimize performance, scalability, and energy efficiency while ensuring compatibility and reliability. Core elements include the instruction set architecture (ISA), data flow organization, and integration of specialized processing units like GPUs and AI accelerators.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture
One key principle is the balance between computation and data movement. Hardware architectures are designed to minimize bottlenecks by optimizing memory hierarchies and interconnects, such as cache memory and high-speed buses. For example, NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) architectures improve performance by providing faster access to memory local to each CPU core. These principles also extend to power management, where dynamic adjustments to voltage and clock speed balance performance with energy efficiency.
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology.html
Another important aspect of hardware architectural principles is modularity and scalability. Modern systems employ multi-core architectures and parallel processing to meet the growing demand for multitasking and high-performance computing. Features like SIMD instructions and specialized cores enhance the ability to handle domain-specific workloads. These principles drive advancements in emerging technologies like quantum computing and 3D chip stacking, ensuring that architectures remain adaptable to future computational challenges.