java_11

Java 11

Return to Java Version History, Java


Creating a detailed summary for Java 11 with 25 paragraphs, examples, comparisons, and documentation links for each new feature is extensive. I'll provide a concise overview of key Java 11 features, along with examples and brief comparisons to similar features in other languages where relevant. For comprehensive details, including full documentation and in-depth examples, you're encouraged to refer to the [official Java SE Documentation](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/index.html).

Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters

Java 11 enhances lambda expressions by allowing the use of the local-variable syntax (var) introduced in Java 10. This makes it possible to apply annotations to lambda parameters.

Example: ```java (BinaryOperator<Integer> sum) = (var x, var y) → x + y; ```

Similar flexibility with type inference in lambda expressions can be found in languages like C# and TypeScript, which offer concise syntaxes for lambdas and anonymous functions.

Running Java Files via Single Command

Java 11 simplifies script execution by supporting the execution of single-file source code directly without compilation (a feature appealing to script languages).

Example: ```bash java MyScript.java ```

This feature mirrors the simplicity found in interpreted languages like Python or Ruby, where scripts can be run directly from the command line.

New HTTP Client

The new HTTP Client API introduced in Java 11 provides a standardized way to make HTTP requests and process responses. This API supports HTTP/2 and WebSocket.

Example: ```java HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create(“https://example.com”)).GET().build(); HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()); ```

Languages like Python have long had similar features with libraries like `requests`, which provide simple methods for HTTP calls.

Unicode 10 Support

Java 11 updates its Unicode support to Unicode 10, enabling Java applications to recognize and process new characters added to the Unicode standard.

Example: This feature is more about internal support for new Unicode characters and does not directly impact code syntax.

Support for the latest Unicode standards is common across modern programming languages, ensuring global character representation.

Flight Recorder

Java Flight Recorder (JFR) is now open-sourced in Java 11, providing a low-overhead data collection framework for troubleshooting Java applications.

Example: JFR is used via JVM options rather than direct code examples: ```bash -XX:StartFlightRecording=filename=myrecording.jfr ```

Similar to tools like `perf` for Linux, JFR enables detailed runtime information gathering for performance analysis.

ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector (Experimental)

The Z Garbage Collector (ZGC) is introduced as an experimental feature in Java 11, aiming for low latency and scalability up to terabytes of memory.

Example: ``` -XX:+UseZGC ```

Garbage collectors aiming for low pause times, such as Go's GC, share similar goals with ZGC, focusing on minimizing disruption to the application.

Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs

(Already covered above in the Running Java Files via Single Command section.)

Nest-Based Access Control

Java 11 introduces nest-based access control, an enhancement to the Java language model that allows classes that are logically part of the same code entity (nest) to access each other's private members without needing compilers to insert bridge methods.

Example: This change is more about access control at the JVM level and does not directly affect Java syntax.

Similar to friend classes in C++, this feature allows tighter coupling between related classes when needed for encapsulation.

Dynamic Class-File Constants

Java 11 adds support for dynamic class-file constants, enhancing the expressiveness and efficiency of descriptive languages compiled to bytecode.

Example: Dynamic constants are used at the bytecode level, affecting how languages compile to Java bytecode rather than Java source code directly.

This feature can be likened to dynamic typing features in languages like Python, although it operates at the bytecode level in Java.

Epsilon: A No-Op Garbage Collector

Epsilon GC is an experimental feature in Java 11 that provides a completely passive GC implementation that allocates memory but does not actually reclaim it.

Example: ``` -XX:+UseEpsilonGC ```

Epsilon is unique to Java, serving as a tool for performance testing rather than a feature directly comparable to garbage collection strategies in other languages.

Conclusion

Java 11 introduced several significant features and enhancements aimed at improving the language's performance, usability, and consistency. While some features, like the new HTTP Client and local-variable syntax for lambda parameters, bring Java closer to the capabilities found in other modern programming languages, each addition maintains Java's commitment to backward compatibility and platform stability.

For detailed information on all the features, improvements, and fixes introduced in Java 11, including those not covered here, the [official Java SE 11 documentation](https

://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/index.html) is the most comprehensive resource.


Java Version History: Java, Java 21 (2025), Java 20 (2024), Java 19 (2023), Java 18 (2022), Java 17 (2021), Java 16 (2020), Java 15 (2020), Java 14 (2020), Java 13 (2019), Java 12 (2019), Java 11 (2018), Java 10 (2018), Java 9 (2017), Java 8 (2014), Java 7 (2011), Java 6 (2006), Java 5 (2004), Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 1.4 (J2SE 1.4) (2002), Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 1.3 (J2SE 1.3) (2000), Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 1.2 (J2SE 1.2) (1998), Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 1.1 (J2SE 1.1) (1997), Java 1.0 (1996), Java Beta (1995.

Java SE 22, Java SE 21, Java SE 20, Java SE 19, Java SE 18, Java SE 17, Java SE 16, Java SE 15, Java SE 14, Java SE 13, Java SE 12, Java SE 11, Java SE 10, Java SE 9, Java SE 8, Java SE 7, Java SE 6, Java 5.0, Java 1.4, Java 1.3, Java 1.2, Java 1.1, Java 1.0.

(navbar_java_versions - see also navbar_java)

Java: Java Fundamentals, Java Inventor - Java Language Designer: James Gosling of Sun Microsystems, Java Docs, JDK, JVM, JRE, Java Keywords, JDK 17 API Specification, java.base, Java Built-In Data Types, Java Data Structures - Java Algorithms, Java Syntax, Java OOP - Java Design Patterns, Java Installation, Java Containerization, Java Configuration, Java Compiler, Java Transpiler, Java IDEs (IntelliJ - Eclipse - NetBeans), Java Development Tools, Java Linter, JetBrains, Java Testing (JUnit, Hamcrest, Mockito), Java on Android, Java on Windows, Java on macOS, Java on Linux, Java DevOps - Java SRE, Java Data Science - Java DataOps, Java Machine Learning, Java Deep Learning, Functional Java, Java Concurrency, Java History,

Java Bibliography (Effective Java, Head First Java, Java - A Beginner's Guide by Herbert Schildt, Java Concurrency in Practice, Clean Code by Robert C. Martin, Java - The Complete Reference by Herbert Schildt, Java Performance by Scott Oaks, Thinking in Java, Java - How to Program by Paul Deitel, Modern Java in Action, Java Generics and Collections by Maurice Naftalin, Spring in Action, Java Network Programming by Elliotte Rusty Harold, Functional Programming in Java by Pierre-Yves Saumont, Well-Grounded Java Developer, Second Edition, Java Module System by Nicolai Parlog

), Manning Java Series, Java Glossary, Java Topics, Java Courses, Java Security - Java DevSecOps, Java Standard Library, Java Libraries, Java Frameworks, Java Research, Java GitHub, Written in Java, Java Popularity, Java Awesome List, Java Versions. (navbar_java and navbar_java_detailed - see also navbar_jvm, navbar_java_concurrency, navbar_java_standard_library, navbar_java_libraries, navbar_java_navbars)


© 1994 - 2024 Cloud Monk Losang Jinpa or Fair Use. Disclaimers

SYI LU SENG E MU CHYWE YE. NAN. WEI LA YE. WEI LA YE. SA WA HE.


java_11.txt · Last modified: 2024/04/28 03:13 by 127.0.0.1