Logical Errors
TLDR: Logical errors occur when a program compiles and runs without crashing but produces incorrect or unintended results due to flaws in its logic. These errors, unlike syntax errors or runtime errors, are challenging to detect because they do not trigger explicit failures. Logical flaws typically arise from incorrect assumptions, improper conditions, or flawed algorithm design.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_error
For example, a logical error might occur in a Java function where a loop is designed to iterate one time too many or too few, leading to incorrect outputs. Debugging logical issues requires tools like breakpoints in modern IDEs or extensive use of test cases to validate logic against expected behavior. Practices like code reviews, pair programming, and adhering to algorithms' best practices are essential for minimizing logical errors in software development.
https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/debugging-your-first-java-application.html