Misconfigured NTFS Permissions
TLDR: Misconfigured NTFS permissions occur when access controls on files and directories in the Windows NTFS file system are improperly set, leading to vulnerabilities like unauthorized access, data leaks, or privilege escalation. Common issues include overly permissive permissions, lack of role-based access controls, and failing to enforce auditing. Properly configuring NTFS permissions ensures secure and efficient file access management.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS
A typical misconfigured NTFS permissions scenario might involve granting `Full Control` to the `Everyone` group, enabling any user to modify, delete, or execute sensitive files. Failure to implement role-based permissions can allow unauthorized users access to files beyond their responsibilities, increasing the risk of insider threats. Additionally, neglecting to enable auditing on critical directories leaves unauthorized activities undetected. Tools like `icacls` and Windows Security auditing features help identify and rectify these issues.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/icacls
To secure NTFS permissions, administrators should follow the principle of least privilege by assigning granular access rights based on user roles and responsibilities. Enabling audit logging ensures visibility into access attempts and changes to critical files. Regularly reviewing and cleaning up unnecessary permissions with tools like Group Policy or `icacls` ensures compliance with organizational policies and alignment with frameworks like CIS Benchmarks.