Misconfigured Permissions
TLDR: Misconfigured permissions occur when access rights to files, directories, or resources are improperly set, leading to unauthorized access, data breaches, or operational inefficiencies. Common examples include granting overly permissive access, neglecting to enforce least privilege principles, or failing to set proper ownership and group assignments. These misconfigurations expose systems to risks and compromise data integrity and confidentiality.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions
One common issue with misconfigured permissions is the use of chmod to grant excessive privileges, such as setting permissions to 777, allowing read, write, and execute access to all users. This creates a potential entry point for attackers and increases the risk of accidental data modification or deletion. Similarly, improperly configured ACLs on advanced file systems can inadvertently permit unauthorized access or fail to enforce restrictions on critical resources.
https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/chmod.1.html
To prevent misconfigured permissions, administrators should adhere to best practices such as implementing the principle of least privilege, using automated scripts to audit and enforce permission policies, and employing role-based access controls (RBAC). Regular audits with tools like OpenSCAP or custom Python scripts ensure permissions remain aligned with security policies. Proper documentation and staff training further reduce the risk of human error in permission configurations.