https://DevOpsCloud.io -- Cloud Monk Losang Jinpa, Ph.D., MCSE/MCT, GitOps DevOps Engineer

The following Outline (list) | outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering:

Software engineering &ndash; application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.<ref>

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The ACM Computing Classification system is a poly-hierarchical ontology that organizes the topics of the field and can be used in semantic web applications and as a defacto standard classification system for the field. The major section “Software and its Engineering” provides an outline and ontology for software engineering.

Skilled software engineers use technologies and practices from a variety of fields to improve their productivity in creating software and to improve the quality of the delivered product.

Software engineers build software (Application software | applications, operating systems, system software) that people use.

Applications influence software engineering by pressuring developers to solve problems in new ways. For example, consumer software emphasizes low cost, medical software emphasizes high quality, and Internet commerce software emphasizes rapid development.

• Business software
  • Accounting software
• Analytics
  • Data mining closely related to database
  • Knowledge management | Decision support systems
• Airline reservations
• Banking
  • Automated teller machines
  • Cheque processing
  • Credit cards
• Commerce
  • Trade
  • Auctions (e.g. eBay)
  • Reverse auctions (procurement)
  • Bar code scanners
• Compilers
  • Parsers
  • Compiler optimization
  • Interpreter (computing) | Interpreters
  • Linker (computing) | Linkers
  • Loader (computing) | Loaders
• Communication
  • E-mail
  • Instant messaging | Instant messengers
  • VOIP
  • Calendars — scheduling and coordinating
  • Contact managers
• Computer graphics
  • Animation
  • Special effects for video and film
  • Editing
  • Post-processing
• Cryptography
• Databases, support almost every field
• Embedded systems Both software engineers and traditional engineers write software control systems for embedded products.
  • Automotive software
  • Avionics software
  • Heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) software
  • Medical software | Medical device software
  • Telephony
  • Telemetry
• Engineering All traditional engineering branches use software extensively. Engineers use spreadsheets, more than they ever used calculators. Engineers use custom software tools to design, analyze, and simulate their own projects, like bridges and power lines. These projects resemble software in many respects, because the work exists as electronic documents and goes through analysis, design, implementation, and testing phases. Software tools for engineers use the tenets of computer science; as well as the tenets of calculus, physics, and chemistry.
  • Computer-aided design | Computer Aided Design (CAD)
  • Electronic Design Automation | Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
  • Numerical Analysis
  • Simulation
• Computer file | File
  • File Transfer Protocol | FTP
  • File sharing
  • File synchronization
• Finance
  • Bond market
  • Futures market
  • Stock market
• Games
  • Poker
  • MUD | Multiuser Dungeons
  • Video games
• Information systems, support almost every field
  • Laboratory information system | LIS Management of laboratory data
  • Management Information Systems | MIS Management of financial and personnel data
• Logistics
  • Supply chain management
• Manufacturing
  • Computer-aided manufacturing | Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
  • Distributed control system | Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
• Music
  • Music sequencers
  • Sound effects
  • Music synthesis
• Network Management
  • Network management system
  • Element Management System
  • Operations Support System
  • Business Support Systems
• Computer network | Networks and Internet
  • Domain Name System
  • Protocol (computing) | Protocols
  • Router (computing) | Routers
• Office suites
  • Word processors
  • Spreadsheets
  • Presentation program | Presentations
• Operating systems
  • Embedded system | Embedded
  • Graphical user interface | Graphical
  • Computer multitasking | Multitasking
  • Real-time operating system | Real-time
• Robotics
• Signal processing, encoding and interpreting signals
  • Image processing, encoding and interpreting visual information
  • Speech processing
  • Optical character recognition | Text recognition
  • Handwriting recognition
• Computer simulation | Simulation, supports almost every field.
  • Engineering, A software simulation can be cheaper to build and more flexible to change than a physical engineering model.
  • Sciences
• Sciences
  • Genomics
• Traffic Control
  • Air traffic control
  • Sea lane | Ship traffic control
  • Traffic control | Road traffic control
• Training
  • Military exercise | Drill
  • Simulation
  • Testing
• Spatial Visualization Ability | Visualization, supports almost every field
  • Architecture
  • Engineering
  • Sciences
• Electronic voting | Voting
• World wide web
  • Web browser | Browsers
  • Web server | Servers

Many technologies and practices are (mostly) confined to software engineering, though many of these are shared with computer science.

{]] | " | - ! colspan="4" | [[Programming languages ]] | - | [[Ada (programming language) | Ada ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[APL (programming language) | APL ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[B (programming language) | B ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | outline_of_software_engineering | - | [[COBOL ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Pascal (programming language) | Pascal ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[C (programming language) | C ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[C++ ]] | - | [[C Sharp (programming language) | C ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Clojure ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Common Lisp ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[D (programming language) | D ]] | - | [[ColdFusion ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Delphi (programming language) | Delphi ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Dylan (programming language) | Dylan ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Eiffel (programming language) | Eiffel ]] | - | [[Erlang (programming language) | Erlang ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Fortran ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[F Sharp (programming language) | F ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Groovy (programming language) | Groovy ]] | - | [[Java (programming language) | Java ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Lasso (programming language) | Lasso ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[ML (programming language) | ML ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[OCaml ]] | - | [[Perl ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[PHP ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[PL/SQL ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Prolog ]] | - | [[Go! (programming language) | Go ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Rust (programming language) | Rust ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Swift (Apple programming language) | Swift ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[JavaScript ]] | - | [[Haskell (programming language) | Haskell ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Python (programming language) | Python ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Ruby (programming language) | Ruby ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Scala (programming language) | Scala ]] | - | [[Scheme (programming language) | Scheme ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Smalltalk ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Tcl ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[T-SQL ]] | - | [[Verilog ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[VHDL ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Visual Basic (classic) | Visual Basic ]] | outline_of_software_engineering | [[Visual Basic .NET ]] | - ! colspan="4" | [[Assembly language • • • Scripting language • • • Alphabetical list of programming languages | List of programming languages ]] | } ====Programming paradigm, based on a programming language technology==== * [[Object-oriented programming

• Aspect-oriented programming
• Functional decomposition
• Structured programming
• Rule-based programming

• Hierarchical database | Hierarchical
• Object database | Object
• Relational database | Relational
• SQL/XML
• Structured Query Language | SQL
• MYSQL
• NoSQL

• GTK+ GIMP Toolkit
• wxWidgets
• Ultimate++
• Qt (software) | Qt toolkit
• FLTK

• Configuration management and source code management
  • Concurrent Versions System | CVS
  • Subversion (software) | Subversion
  • Git (software) | Git
  • Mercurial (software) | Mercurial
  • Revision Control System | RCS
  • Arch Revision Control System | GNU Arch
  • LibreSource Synchronizer
  • Team Foundation Server
  • Team Services | Visual Studio Team Services
• Build tools
  • make (software) | Make
  • Rake (software) | Rake
  • Cabal (software) | Cabal
  • Apache Ant | Ant
  • CADES
  • Nant
  • Apache Maven | Maven
  • FinalBuilder | Final Builder
  • Gradle
  • Team Foundation Server
  • Team Services | Visual Studio Team Services
  • Visual Build Pro
• Source code editor | Editors
  • Integrated development environments (IDEs)
  • Text editors
  • Word processors
• Parser creation tools
  • Yacc/GNU bison | Bison
• List of tools for static code analysis | Static code analysis tools

• Component-based software engineering

• Unified Modeling Language (UML)

• Anti-patterns
• Design pattern (computer science) | Patterns

• Agile
  • Agile software development
  • Extreme programming
  • Lean manufacturing | Lean software development
  • Rapid application development | Rapid application development (RAD)
  • Rational Unified Process
  • Scrum (in management)
• Heavyweight
  • Cleanroom Software Engineering | Cleanroom
  • ISO/IEC 12207 — software life cycle processes
  • ISO 9000 and ISO 9001
• Process Models
  • Capability Maturity Model | CMM and Capability Maturity Model Integration | CMMI/Standard CMMI Assessment Method for Process Improvement | SCAMPI
  • ISO 15504 (SPICE)
• Metamodels
  • ISO/IEC 24744
  • SPEM

A platform combines computer hardware and an operating system. As platforms grow more powerful and less costly, applications and tools grow more widely available.

• Qualcomm Brew | BREW
• Cray supercomputers
• Digital Equipment Corporation | DEC minicomputers
• IBM Mainframe computer | mainframes
• Linux Personal computer | PCs
• Classic Mac OS and macOS Personal computer | PCs
• Microsoft .NET
• Palm OS | Palm Personal Digital Assistant | PDAs
• Sun Microsystems Solaris (operating system) | Solaris
• Microsoft Windows | Windows Personal computer | PCs (Wintel)
• Symbian OS

• Communication
• Method engineering
• Pair programming
• Performance Engineering
• Programming productivity
• Refactoring
• Software inspections/Code reviews
• Software reusability | Software reuse
• Systems integration
• Teamwork

• Decision tables
• Features (pattern recognition) | Feature
• User story | User stories
• Use cases

Skilled software engineers know a lot of computer science including what is possible and impossible, and what is easy and hard for software.

• Algorithms, well-defined methods for solving specific problems.
  • Search algorithm | Searching
  • Sorting
  • Parsing
  • Numerical analysis
• Compiler theory
  • Yacc/GNU bison | Bison
• Data structures, well-defined methods for storing and retrieving data.
  • List (computing) | Lists
  • Tree data structure | Trees
  • Hash tables
• Computability theory (computer science) | Computability, some problems cannot be solved at all
  • List of unsolved problems in computer science
  • Halting problem
• Complexity, some problems are solvable in principle, yet unsolvable in practice
  • NP-complete | NP completeness
  • Computational complexity theory
• Formal methods
  • Correctness (computer science) | Proof of correctness
  • Program synthesis
• Adaptive system | Adaptive Systems
  • Artificial Neural Network | Neural Networks
  • Evolutionary algorithm | Evolutionary Algorithms

Discrete mathematics is a key foundation of software engineering.

• Number representation
• Set (computer science)
• Multiset | Bags
• Graph (discrete mathematics) | Graphs
  • Sequences
  • Tree (graph theory) | Trees
  • Graph (data structure)
• Logic
  • Natural deduction | Deduction
  • First-order logic
  • Higher-order logic
  • Combinatory logic
• Mathematical induction | Induction
• Combinatorics

Other

• Domain knowledge
• Statistics
• Decision theory
• Type theory

• Software engineering | Development Software development process | life cycle phase
  • Requirements engineering | Requirements gathering / analysis
  • Software architecture
  • Computer programming
  • Software testing | Testing, detects computer bug | bugs
    • Black box testing
    • White box testing
  • Quality assurance, ensures compliance with process.
• Product (project management) | Product Life cycle phase and Project lifecycle
  • Inception
  • First development
  • Major release
  • Minor release
  • Bug fix release
  • knowledge maintenance | Maintenance
  • Obsolescence
• software release | Release development stage, near the end of a release cycle
  • Alpha | Alpha
  • Beta | Beta
  • RTM | Gold master
  • 1.0; Software versioning | 2.0
• System lifecycle | Software development lifecycle
  • Waterfall model — Structured programming and Stepwise refinement
  • Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology | SSADM
  • Spiral model — Iterative development
  • V-Model (software development) | V-model
  • Agile software development
  • Dynamic Systems Development Method | DSDM
  • Chaos model — Chaos strategy

Deliverables must be developed for many SE projects. Software engineers rarely make all of these deliverables themselves. They usually cooperate with the writers, trainers, installers, marketers, technical support people, and others who make many of these deliverables.

• Application software — the software
• Database — schemas and data.
• Software documentation | Documentation, online and/or print, FAQ, Readme, release notes, Online help | Help, for each role
  • User (computing) | User
  • System administrator | Administrator
  • Management | Manager
  • Buyer
• Administration and Software maintenance | Maintenance policy, what should be backed-up, checked, configured, …
• Installers
• Migration
  • Upgrade from previous installations
  • Upgrade from competitor's installations
• Training materials, for each role
  • User (computing) | User
  • Administrator
  • Management | Manager
  • Buyer
• Technical support | Support info for computer support groups.
• Marketing and sales materials
  • White papers, explain the technologies used in the applications

• Business operations | Operations
  • User (computing) | Users
  • Administrators
  • Management | Managers
  • Buyers
• Development
  • Business analyst | Analysts
  • Programmers
  • Software testing | Testers
  • Management | Managers
• Business
  • IT Consulting | Consulting — customization and installation of applications
  • Sales
  • Marketing
  • Law | Legal — contracts, intellectual property rights
  • Privacy and Privacy engineering
  • Support (technical analysis) | Support — helping customers use applications
  • Personnel — hiring and training qualified personnel
  • Finance — funding new development
• Academe
  • Educators
  • Researchers

• Leadership
  • Coaching
  • Communication
  • Listening
  • Motivation
  • Vision statement | Vision, SEs are good at this
  • exemplar | Example, everyone follows a good example best
• Human resource management
  • Recruitment | Hiring, getting people into an organization
  • Training
  • Evaluation
• Project management
  • Goal setting
  • Customer interaction (Rethink)
  • Estimation
  • Risk management
  • Change management
• Process management
  • Software development processes
  • Software metric | Metrics

• Quality programs
  • Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
  • Six Sigma
  • Total Quality Management (TQM)

• Software engineering demographics
• Software engineering economics
• CCSE
• History of software engineering
• Software engineering professionalism
  • Ethics
  • Licensing
• Legal
  • Intellectual property
  • Consumer protection

History of software engineering

===Pioneers===<!– This section is linked from Software engineering –> Many people made important contributions to SE technologies, practices, or applications.

• John Backus: Fortran, first optimizing compiler, Backus-Naur form | BNF
• Victor Basili: Experience factory.
• F.L. Bauer: Stack (data structure) | Stack principle, popularized the term Software Engineering
• Kent Beck: Refactoring, extreme programming, pair programming, test-driven development.
• Tim Berners-Lee: World wide web
• Barry Boehm: Software engineering economics | SE economics, COCOMO, Spiral model.
• Grady Booch: Object-oriented design, Unified Modeling Language | UML.
• Fred Brooks: Managed System 360 and OS 360. Wrote The Mythical Man-Month and No Silver Bullet.
• Larry Constantine: Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method | Structured design, Coupling (computer science) | coupling, Cohesion (computer science) | cohesion
• Edsger Dijkstra: Wrote Notes on Structured Programming, A Discipline of Programming and Go To Statement Considered Harmful, algorithms, formal methods, pedagogy.
• Fagan inspection | Michael Fagan: Software inspection.
• Tom Gilb: Software metrics, Software inspection, Software evolution | Evolutionary Delivery ("Evo").
• Adele Goldstine: Wrote the Operators Manual for the ENIAC, the first electronic digital computer, and trained some of the first human computers
• Lois Haibt: FORTRAN, wrote the first parsing | parser
• Margaret Hamilton (scientist) | Margaret Hamilton: Coined the term “software engineering”, developed Universal Systems Language
• Mary Jean Harrold: Regression testing, fault localization
• Grace Hopper: The first compiler (Mark 1), COBOL, Nanoseconds.
• Watts Humphrey: Capability Maturity Model, Personal Software Process, fellow of the Software Engineering Institute.
• Jean Ichbiah: Ada programming language | Ada
• Michael A. Jackson: Jackson Structured Programming, Jackson System Development
• Bill Joy: Berkeley Unix, vi, Java platform | Java.
• Alan Kay: Smalltalk
• Brian Kernighan: C and Unix.
• Donald Knuth: Wrote The Art of Computer Programming, TeX, algorithms, literate programming
• Nancy Leveson: System safety
• Bertrand Meyer: Design by Contract, Eiffel (programming language) | Eiffel programming language.
• Peter G. Neumann: RISKS Digest, ACM Sigsoft.
• David Parnas: Module design, social responsibility, professionalism.
• David Pearson, Computer Scientist: Developed the ICL CADES software engineering system.
• Jef Raskin: Developed the original Apple Macintosh | Macintosh GUI, authored The Humane Interface
• Dennis Ritchie: C (programming language) | C and Unix.
• Winston W. Royce: Waterfall model.
• Mary Shaw (computer scientist) | Mary Shaw: Software architecture.
• Richard Stallman: Founder of the Free Software Foundation
• Linus Torvalds: Linux kernel, free software / open-source software | open source development.
• Will Tracz: Reuse, ACM Software Engineering Notes.
• Gerald Weinberg: Wrote The Psychology of Computer Programming.
• Elaine Weyuker: Software testing
• Jeannette Wing: Formal specifications.
• Ed Yourdon: Structured programming, wrote Decline and Fall of the American Programmer | The Decline and Fall of the American Programmer.

See also

• List of programmers
• List of computer scientists

• About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design by Alan Cooper, about user interface design.
• The Capability Maturity Model by Watts Humphrey. Written for the Software Engineering Institute, emphasizing management and process. (See Managing the Software Process

  )

• The Cathedral and the Bazaar by Eric S. Raymond | Eric Raymond about open source development.
• The Decline and Fall of the American Programmer by Ed Yourdon predicts the end of software development in the U.S.
• Design Patterns (book) | Design Patterns by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson (computer scientist) | Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides.
• Extreme Programming Explained by Kent Beck
• “Go To Statement Considered Harmful” by Edsger Dijkstra.
• Internet, Innovation and Open Source:Actors in the Network — First Monday article by Ilkka Tuomi (2000) source
• The Mythical Man-Month by Fred Brooks, about project management.
• Object-oriented Analysis and Design by Grady Booch.
• Peopleware by Tom DeMarco and Tim Lister.
• The pragmatic engineer versus the scientific designer by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra | E. W. Dijkstra s://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/transcriptions/EWD06xx/EWD690.html
• Principles of Software Engineering Management by Tom Gilb about evolutionary processes.
• The Psychology of Computer Programming by Gerald Weinberg. Written as an independent consultant, partly about his years at IBM.
• Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler (software engineer) | Martin Fowler, Kent Beck, John Brant, William Opdyke, and Don Roberts.
• The Pragmatic Programmer: from journeyman to master by Andy Hunt (author) | Andrew Hunt, and Dave Thomas (programmer) | David Thomas.
• Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) ISO/IEC TR 19759