Python Double Underscore
In Python, double underscore (__) is commonly used to indicate special methods or attributes within classes, also known as “dunder” methods. These special methods provide functionality for operator overloading, customization of object behavior, and implementation of various language features. For example, the `__init__` method is used as a constructor for initializing objects, `__str__` is used to define the string representation of an object, and `__add__` is used to define the behavior of the addition operator for objects of a class. Double underscore also has special significance in name mangling, where it is used to make attributes or methods private to a class by prefixing them with `__`. Additionally, double underscores at the beginning and end of a method or attribute name (e.g., `__init__`) are reserved for special methods defined by Python, while a single underscore at the beginning of a name is commonly used to indicate a private or internal attribute that should not be accessed directly outside of the class. Understanding the usage and conventions of double underscores in Python is essential for writing clear, maintainable, and idiomatic code.