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• Golang unsafe
• C Sharp unsafe
• The Power of 10

The Power of 10 Rules were created in 2006 by Gerard J. Holzmann of the NASA/JPL Laboratory for Reliable Software.<ref name=“PowerOf10”>The Power of 10: Rules for Developing Safety-Critical Code</ref> The rules are intended to eliminate certain C coding practices which make code difficult to review or statically analyze. These rules are a complement to the MISRA C guidelines and have been incorporated into the greater set of JPL coding standards.<ref name=“JPL”>JPL C Coding Standard - JPL Laboratory for Reliable Software</ref>

The ten rules are:<ref name=“PowerOf10”/>

1. Avoid complex flow constructs, such as goto and recursion.
2. All loops must have fixed bounds. This prevents runaway code.
3. Avoid heap memory allocation.
4. Restrict functions to a single printed page.
5. Use a minimum of two runtime assertions per function.
6. Restrict the scope of data to the smallest possible.
7. Check the return value of all non-void functions, or cast to void to indicate the return value is useless.
8. Use the preprocessor sparingly.
9. Limit pointer use to a single dereference, and do not use function pointers.
10. Compile with all possible warnings active; all warnings should then be addressed before release of the software.

The NASA study of the Toyota electronic throttle control firmware found at least 243 violations of these rules.<ref>Unintended Acceleration and Other Embedded Software Bugs, March 1st, 2011, by Michael Barr, Embedded Gurus</ref><ref>NASA Engineering and Safety Center Technical Assessment Report, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Toyota Unintended Acceleration Investigation, Appendix A</ref>

• Life critical system
• Coding conventions
• Software quality
• Software assurance

• NASA Technical Standards System Software Assurance and Software Safety Standard
• Open Source Satellite: How do you make software that is reliable enough for space missions?

Snippet from Wikipedia: The Power of 10: Rules for Developing Safety-Critical Code

The Power of 10 Rules were created in 2006 by Gerard J. Holzmann of the NASA/JPL Laboratory for Reliable Software. The rules are intended to eliminate certain C coding practices that make code difficult to review or statically analyze. These rules are a complement to the MISRA C guidelines and have been incorporated into the greater set of JPL coding standards.

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