Portal:Contents/Outlines.

The following Outline (list) | outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer programming:

Computer programming; process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, software verification | verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness (computer science) | correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding<ref>

</ref><ref>

</ref>) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem.

• History of computer science
• History of computing hardware
  • History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
• History of programming languages
  • Timeline of programming languages
• Computer programming in the punched card era
• Operating systems timeline

• Computer
• Computer hardware
  • Analog computer
    • Analytical Engine
  • Digital computer
    • Vacuum-tube computer
      • List of vacuum-tube computers
    • Transistor computer
      • List of transistorized computers
    • Mainframe
    • Minicomputer
    • Microcomputer
      • Home computers
      • IBM PC compatible
      • Personal computer
        • Desktop computer
        • Laptop computer
    • Mobile computer
      • Personal digital assistant (PDA)
      • Smartphone
      • Tablet computer
      • Wearable computer
    • Server (computing) | Server
    • Supercomputer
• Virtual machine
  • Hardware virtualization
  • Runtime system

• Agent-oriented programming | Agent-oriented
• Aspect-oriented programming | Aspect-oriented
• Automata-based programming | Automata-based
• Data-driven programming | Data-driven
• Declarative programming | Declarative (as opposed to imperative programming)
  • Constraint programming | Constraint
    • Constraint logic programming | Constraint logic
      • Concurrent constraint logic programming | Concurrent constraint logic
  • Dataflow programming | Dataflow
    • Flow-based programming | Flow-based (FBP)
    • Reactive programming | Reactive
  • Functional programming | Functional
    • Functional logic programming | Functional logic
    • Purely functional programming | Purely functional
  • Logic programming | Logic
    • Abductive logic programming | Abductive logic
    • Answer set programming | Answer set
    • Concurrent logic programming | Concurrent logic
    • Functional logic programming | Functional logic
    • Inductive logic programming | Inductive logic
• Event-driven programming | Event-driven
  • Time-driven programming | Time-driven
• Expression-oriented_programming_language | Expression-oriented
• Feature-oriented programming | Feature-oriented
• Function-level programming | Function-level (as opposed to value-level programming)
• Generic programming | Generic
• Imperative programming | Imperative (as opposed to declarative programming)
  • Literate programming | Literate
  • Procedural programming | Procedural
• Inductive programming
• Language-oriented programming | Language-oriented (LOP)
  • Natural language programming
  • Intentional programming | Intentional
• Non-structured programming | Non-structured (as opposed to Structured programming | Structured)
  • Array programming | Array
• Nondeterministic programming | Nondeterministic
• Process-oriented programming | Process-oriented
• Role-oriented programming | Role-oriented
• Semantic-oriented programming | Semantic-oriented (SOP)
• Structured programming | Structured (as opposed to non-structured programming)
  • Block (programming) | Block-structured
  • Modular programming | Modular
    • Concurrent computing
      • Relativistic programming
  • Object-oriented programming | Object-oriented (OOP)
    • Class-based programming | Class-based
    • Concurrent object-oriented programming | Concurrent OOP
    • Prototype-based programming | Prototype-based
    • Subject-oriented programming | Subject-oriented
• Tacit programming | Tacit
• Value-level programming | Value-level (as opposed to function-level programming)
• Probabilistic programming language | Probabilistic
• Concept programming | Concept

• Pseudocode

• Array programming
• End-user development
• Metaprogramming
  • Automatic programming
  • Reflection (computer programming) | Reflection
    • Attribute-oriented programming (AOP)
  • Homoiconicity
  • Template metaprogramming
    • Policy-based design
  • Service-oriented architecture
    • Service-oriented modeling
• Recursion (computer science) | Recursion
• Separation of concerns
• Threaded code | Threaded coding

• List of algorithms
• List of algorithm general topics
• Algorithms | List of important publications in theoretical computer science § Algorithms
• Algorithm characterizations
  • Introduction to Algorithms
• Theory of computation
  • Computational complexity theory
    • Analysis of algorithms
      • Empirical algorithmics
      • Big O notation
      • Algorithmic efficiency
  • Algorithmic information theory
    • Algorithmic probability
    • Algorithmically random sequence
• Search algorithm
• Sorting algorithm
• Merge algorithm
• String algorithms
• Greedy algorithm
• Reduction (complexity) | Reduction
• Sequential algorithm
• Parallel algorithm
  • Distributed algorithm
• Deterministic algorithm
• Randomized algorithm
• Quantum algorithm

Programming language &ndash; formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.

• Generational list of programming languages
• List of programming languages by type
• Alphabetical list of programming languages
  • Compiled language
  • Interpreted language
    • Scripting language
• Comparison of programming languages
• Programming language dialect
• Programming language theory
  • Formal semantics of programming languages
• Assembly language
• Macro (computer science) | Macro

• Array programming | Array programming language
• Aspect-oriented programming | Aspect-oriented programming language
• Class-based programming | Class-based programming language
• Concatenative programming language
• Concurrent computing | Concurrent programming language
• Dataflow programming | Dataflow programming language
• Declarative programming | Declarative programming language
• Domain-specific language
• Dynamic programming language
• Esoteric programming language
• Event-driven programming | Event-driven programming language
• Extensible programming | Extensible programming language
• Functional programming | Functional programming language
• High-level programming language
• Imperative programming | Imperative programming language
• Interpreted language
• Logic programming | Logic programming language
• Low-level programming language
• Machine code | Machine programming language
• Metaprogramming | Metaprogramming programming language
• Multi-paradigm programming language
• Non-English-based programming languages | Non-English-based programming language
• Object-based language
• Object-oriented programming | Object-oriented programming language
• Off-side rule | Off-side rule programming language
• Pipeline programming | Pipeline programming language
• Procedural programming | Procedural programming language
• Prototype-based programming | Prototype-based programming language
• Reflection (computer programming) | Reflective programming language
• Rule-based system | Rule-based programming language
• Synchronous programming language
• Very high-level programming language
• Visual programming language

The top 20 most popular programming languages

:<ref>

TIOBE - The Software Quality Company]] | //www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ | access-date=2022-03-20 | [[Python (programming language) | Python

1. C (programming language) | C
2. Java (programming language) | Java
3. C++
4. C Sharp (programming language) | C
5. Visual Basic .NET
6. JavaScript
7. PHP
8. Assembly language
9. SQL
10. R (programming language) | R
11. Object Pascal | Delphi/Object Pascal
12. Go (programming language) | Go
13. Swift (programming language) | Swift
14. MATLAB
15. Ruby (programming language) | Ruby
16. Visual Basic (classic) | Classic Visual Basic
17. Objective-C
18. Perl
19. Lua (programming language) | Lua

• Syntax (programming languages) | Syntax
  • Lexical grammar
  • Computing usage | Semicolons
• Value (computer science) | Values
• Data type | Types
• Operator (computer programming) | Operators
• Program structures
  • Variable (computer science) | Variables
  • Expression (computer science) | Expressions
  • Statement (computer science) | Statements
  • Reserved word | Keywords and reserved words
  • Control structures | Control structures
    • Subroutines (also known as functions)
      • Anonymous functions
    • Loop (computing) | Loops
      • For loops
      • While loops
    • Conditional (computer programming) | Conditionals
      • If–then(–else) | If-then
      • If–then(–else) | If-then-else
      • Switch statement | Case and switch statements
• Control flow
• Data structures
  • Object (computer science) | Objects
  • Array data structure | Arrays
• Regular expressions

Comparison of programming languages | Programming language comparisons

• Comparison of programming languages | General comparison
• Comparison of programming languages (syntax) | Basic syntax
• Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions) | Basic instructions
• Exception handling syntax | Exception handling
• Pascal_and_syntactically_similar_languages | Enumerated types
• Examples | Anonymous functions
• %3F | Conditional expressions
• Comparison of programming languages (functional instructions) | Functional instructions
• Comparison of programming languages (array) | Arrays
• Comparison of programming languages (associative arrays) | Associative arrays
• Comparison of programming languages (strings) | String operations
• Comparison of programming languages (string functions) | String functions
• Comparison of programming languages (list comprehension) | List comprehension
• Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented programming) | Object-oriented programming
• Constructor (object-oriented programming) | Object-oriented constructors
• Demonstrating_while_loops | While loops
• Timeline_of_the_for-loop_syntax_in_various_programming_languages | For loops
• Evaluation strategy
• Computer Programming/Hello world | List of "Hello World" programs
• Comparision of programming languages with dependent types | Languages with dependent types
• Comparison of type systems

• Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms | Java and .NET platforms
• ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60 | ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60
• Comparisons with other languages | Comparisons with other languages
• Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++
• Comparisons with other languages | Comparisons with other languages
• Compatibility of C and C++
• Comparison of Pascal and Delphi | Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi
• Comparison of Object Pascal and C
• Comparison of Pascal and C
• Comparison of Java and C++
• Comparison of C Sharp and Java | and Java
• Comparison of C Sharp and Visual Basic .NET | and Visual Basic .NET
• Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET

• Programmer
• Source code
  • Parsing
• Compiler | Compilation
  • Preprocessor | Preprocessing
  • Translation (computing) | Translation
    • Assembler (computing) | Assembly
  • Linker (computing) | Linking
  • Compiler optimization
  • Compilation error

• Computer program
  • Hello world (a common form of example program for learning programmers)
• Application software
  • Software suite
  • Database management system
• Programming software
  • Programming tool
    • Text editor
      • Source code editor
        • Integrated development environment (IDE)
    • Assembler | Assembler
    • Compiler
    • Interpreter (computing) | Interpreter
    • Linker (computing) | Linker
    • Debugger
• System software

• Instruction (computer science) | Instruction
• Library (computing) | Library
• Application programming interface (API)

• Outline of software development | Software development
  • Software development process
    • Debugging
      • Human error
  • Software development methodology
    • Agile software development
    • Extreme programming

Outline of software engineering | Software engineering &ndash;

• Implementation
• Execution (computers) | Execution
• Software architecture
• Software reliability
• Software quality
• Software testing
• Software maintenance
• Software optimization
• Software brittleness

• Outline of computers
  • Outline of computing
    • Outline of computer science
      • Outline of artificial intelligence
      • Outline of cryptography
    • Outline of the Internet
      • Outline of Google
    • Outline of software
      • Types of software
        • Outline of free software
        • Outline of search engines
      • Outline of software development
        • Outline of software engineering
        • Outline of web design and web development
        • Outline of computer programming
          • Programming languages
            • Outline of C++
            • Outline of Perl

• How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - by Jeffrey Elkner, Allen B. Downey and Chris Meyers

Category of Computer programming | outline_of_computer_programming Category of Computing-related lists | Programming topics Category of Outlines of sciences | Computer programming Category of Wikipedia outlines | Computer programming