ubuntu

Ubuntu

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TLDR: Ubuntu is a free and open-source Linux-based operating system developed by Canonical and first released in 2004. Known for its user-friendly interface, stability, and robust security features, Ubuntu is widely used across desktops, servers, cloud infrastructure, and IoT devices. It is designed for ease of use, making it an ideal choice for both beginners and advanced users in the open-source community.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu

Ubuntu is available in several editions, including Ubuntu Desktop for personal use, Ubuntu Server for enterprise applications, and specialized distributions like Ubuntu Core for IoT. It uses the APT package manager and supports the Snap ecosystem for easy software installation and updates. With its six-month release cycle and five-year LTS (Long-Term Support) for selected versions, Ubuntu ensures regular updates and long-term stability for its users.

https://ubuntu.com/

Ubuntu plays a significant role in cloud computing and containerization, offering support for Kubernetes and OpenStack. It is widely adopted by developers for its compatibility with modern software stacks, including Docker and Ansible. Ubuntu also powers some of the world’s most critical systems, reflecting its versatility and reliability as a leading Linux distribution.

https://canonical.com/

Snippet from Wikipedia: Ubuntu

Ubuntu ( uu-BUUN-too) is a Linux distribution derived from Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software. Ubuntu is officially released in multiple editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things devices and robots. The operating system is developed by the British company Canonical and a community of other developers, under a meritocratic governance model. As of October 2024, the latest interim release is 24.10 ("Oracular Oriole"), with the most recent long-term support release being 24.04 ("Noble Numbat").

As with other Linux distributions, all of the editions can run on a computer alone, or in a virtual machine. An upgrade to Ubuntu is released every six months, with long-term support (LTS) releases every two years. Canonical provides security updates and support for each Ubuntu release, starting from the release date until the release reaches its designated end-of-life (EOL) date. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of premium services related to the Ubuntu software and donations from those who download Ubuntu directly.

Ubuntu is named after the Nguni philosophy of ubuntu, "humanity to others", with a connotation of "I am what I am because of who we all are". Since the release of the first version in 2004, Ubuntu has become one of the most popular Linux distributions for general purposes and is backed by large online communities like Ask Ubuntu. Numerous community-editions of Ubuntu also exist. It is also popular for cloud computing, with support for OpenStack.

Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Desktop, Ubuntu Core, Canonical, APT (Advanced Package Tool), dpkg (Debian Package Manager), Snap Package Manager, Snaps, Ubuntu Software Center, PPAs (Personal Package Archives), Launchpad, systemd, initramfs, GRUB2 (GRand Unified Bootloader Version 2), Ubuntu Minimal Installation, netplan, cloud-init, subiquity, Ubuntu Advantage, Ubuntu Pro, Landscape, Ubuntu Live Server, Ubuntu Installer, ZFS on Ubuntu, LXD (Linux Container Daemon), LXC (Linux Containers), MAAS (Metal as a Service), Juju, Ubuntu OpenStack, MicroStack, OpenStack Charms, Ubuntu Kubernetes, MicroK8s, Ubuntu Multipass, Ubuntu Cloud Images, Ubuntu KVM, UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), Ubuntu Backports, Ubuntu LTS (Long Term Support), Ubuntu HWE (Hardware Enablement Stack), Ubuntu Kernel, Ubuntu Mainline Kernel, Ubuntu Security Updates, Ubuntu Universe Repository, Ubuntu Multiverse Repository, Ubuntu Restricted Repository, debconf, debootstrap, apt-get, apt-cache, apt-mark, apt-key, Ubuntu Update Manager, do-release-upgrade, ubuntu-drivers, Ubuntu Live Patch, snapcraft, snapd, snap-store, Canonical Livepatch, Ubuntu MOTU (Masters of the Universe), Ubuntu Backports PPA, Ubuntu Mainline PPA, Ubuntu QA (Quality Assurance), Ubuntu Flavors, Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Edubuntu, Ubuntu Kylin, Ubuntu Minimal, Ubuntu Cinnamon, Mir Display Server, Wayland, X11, Ubuntu GNOME, Ubuntu Unity, GDM (GNOME Display Manager), LightDM, sddm (Simple Desktop Display Manager), Ubuntu Dash, Ubuntu Dock, Canonical Partners Repository, Ubuntu Touch, Anbox, Ubuntu Phone, Phablet Tools, Ubuntu for IoT, Ubuntu Core OS, Snap Core, snapd Services, Ubuntu Multipass VM, Ubuntu Cloud-init Config, Ubuntu MAAS Region Controller, MAAS Rack Controller, MAAS Images, cloud-config, Ubuntu OpenStack Nova, Ubuntu Cinder, Ubuntu Neutron, Ubuntu Swift, Ubuntu Keystone, Ubuntu Glance, Ubuntu Horizon, OpenStack Charmed Deployment, Ubuntu MicroStack Deployment, Ubuntu OpenStack Train, Ubuntu LXD Clusters, Ubuntu LXD Snap, LXD Images, LXD Profiles, LXD Storage Pools, LXD Networks, Ubuntu Multipass CLI, Multipass Launch, Multipass Delete, Multipass Stop, Multipass Mount, Multipass Shell, Ubuntu Base Snap, Ubuntu Core AppArmor Profiles, Ubuntu AppArmor, Ubuntu SELinux, Ubuntu ESM (Extended Security Maintenance), Ubuntu Minimal Cloud Images, Ubuntu Certified Images, Ubuntu Fast Track, Ubuntu Hardware Certification, Ubuntu Bug Reports, Ubuntu Launchpad Bugs, Ubuntu Crash Reports, Ubuntu Error Tracker, Ubuntu Whoopsie, Ubuntu Apport, Ubuntu Core18, Ubuntu Core20, Ubuntu Core22, Ubuntu Snapcraft Builds, Ubuntu Open vSwitch, Ubuntu VirtualBox, Ubuntu VMware, Ubuntu QEMU, Ubuntu Virt-Manager, Ubuntu Libvirt, Ubuntu Juju Bundles, Ubuntu Juju Controllers, Juju Models, Juju Machines, Juju Units, Juju Relations, Ubuntu Charms, Ubuntu KVM Integration, Ubuntu Libguestfs, Ubuntu Ceph Storage, Ceph Monitors, Ceph OSDs (Object Storage Daemons), Ceph Pools, Ceph Rados Gateway, CephFS, Ubuntu OVS (Open vSwitch), Ubuntu SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization), Ubuntu OpenStack OVN, Ubuntu Network Namespaces, Ubuntu OpenStack Network Isolation, Ubuntu Cloud Archive, Ubuntu Live CD, Ubuntu Live USB, Ubuntu ISO Installer, Ubuntu Focal Fossa, Ubuntu Jammy Jellyfish, Ubuntu Kinetic Kudu, Ubuntu Lunar Lobster, Ubuntu Man Pages, Ubuntu Kernel Live Patching, Ubuntu Livepatch Notifications, Ubuntu Certbot, Ubuntu Let's Encrypt, Ubuntu OpenSSL, Ubuntu Certbot Snap, Ubuntu Apache Integration, Ubuntu Nginx Integration, Ubuntu HAProxy, Ubuntu Keepalived, Ubuntu DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device), Ubuntu Pacemaker, Ubuntu Corosync, Ubuntu GFS2, Ubuntu GlusterFS, Ubuntu Distributed Filesystems, Ubuntu Samba, Ubuntu CIFS, Ubuntu NFS, Ubuntu Autofs, Ubuntu Avahi, Ubuntu ZeroConf, Ubuntu Time Synchronization, Ubuntu Chrony, Ubuntu NTP (Network Time Protocol), Ubuntu NetworkManager CLI, nmcli, Ubuntu Nmtui, Ubuntu Netplan YAML, Ubuntu Netplan Apply, Ubuntu Bonded Interfaces, Ubuntu Teaming Interfaces, Ubuntu VLANs (Virtual LANs), Ubuntu Bridges, Ubuntu Virtual NICs, Ubuntu IPv6 Support, Ubuntu Firewall Rules, Ubuntu Firewall Zones, Ubuntu Firewall Scripts, Ubuntu ZFS Pool, Ubuntu ZFS Snapshots, Ubuntu ZFS Rollback, Ubuntu ZFS Export, Ubuntu ZFS Import, Ubuntu Btrfs Integration, Ubuntu RAID Setup, Ubuntu LVM Configuration, Ubuntu Thin Provisioning, Ubuntu Logical Volumes, Ubuntu Volume Groups, Ubuntu Partition Manager, Ubuntu Disk Encryption, Ubuntu LUKS, Ubuntu Secure Boot, Ubuntu SystemD Services, Ubuntu Init Scripts, Ubuntu Daemon Logs, Ubuntu Syslog, Ubuntu Journalctl, Ubuntu Dmesg, Ubuntu Kernel Tuning, Ubuntu Ulimit, Ubuntu Kernel Parameters, Ubuntu GRUB Configuration, Ubuntu GRUB Themes, Ubuntu GRUB Rescue, Ubuntu PXE Boot, Ubuntu Bootloaders, Ubuntu Cloning Systems, Ubuntu Clonezilla, Ubuntu Backup Solutions, Ubuntu Duplicity, Ubuntu Deja Dup, Ubuntu Rclone, Ubuntu Rsync, Ubuntu FileSync, Ubuntu FileShares, Ubuntu Snapshots, Ubuntu Snap Store, Ubuntu Snap Daemon, Ubuntu Snap Classic, Ubuntu Snap Store Proxy, Ubuntu Snap Auto-Refresh, Ubuntu Snap Hooks, Ubuntu Snap Tracks, Ubuntu Multipass Image Store, Ubuntu Multipass VMs, Ubuntu Multipass Networks, Ubuntu Multipass Storage, Ubuntu Ansible Automation, Ubuntu MAAS PXE, Ubuntu MAAS DHCP, Ubuntu MAAS DNS, Ubuntu MAAS Images, Ubuntu MAAS CLI, Ubuntu MAAS API, Ubuntu Juju Integrations, Ubuntu Juju CLI, Ubuntu Juju Cloud.

Ubuntu: Ubuntu Glossary, Linux-Unix, Ubuntu Package Managers (Ubuntu Snapcraft, Ubuntu Apt, Apt), Ubuntu AI (Ubuntu MLOps-Ubuntu ML-Ubuntu DL), Ubuntu Compute (Ubuntu K8S-Ubuntu Containers-Ubuntu GitOps, Ubuntu IaaS-Ubuntu Linux-Ubuntu on Windows), Ubuntu Certification, Ubuntu Data Science (Ubuntu Databases-Ubuntu SQL-Ubuntu NoSQL-Ubuntu Analytics-Ubuntu DataOps), Ubuntu DevOps-Ubuntu SRE-Ubuntu Automation-Ubuntu Configuration-Ubuntu Configuration Management-Ubuntu Terraform-Ubuntu Ansible-Ubuntu Chef-Ubuntu Puppet-Ubuntu PowerShell)-Ubuntu CloudOps-Ubuntu Monitoring, Ubuntu Developer Tools (Ubuntu GitHub-Ubuntu CI/CD-Ubuntu VSCode-Ubuntu Serverless-Ubuntu Microservices-Ubuntu Service Mesh-Ubuntu Java-Ubuntu Spring-Ubuntu JavaScript-Ubuntu Python), Ubuntu Identity (Ubuntu IAM-Ubuntu MFA-Ubuntu Active Directory), Ubuntu Integration, Ubuntu IoT-Ubuntu Edge, Ubuntu Management-Ubuntu Admin-Ubuntu Shell-Ubuntu CLI-UbuntuOps, Ubuntu Governance, Ubuntu Media (Ubuntu Video), Ubuntu Migration, Ubuntu Mixed reality, Ubuntu Mobile, Ubuntu Networking (Ubuntu Load Balancing-Ubuntu DNS-Ubuntu NAT-Ubuntu VPC-Ubuntu VPN), Ubuntu Security (Ubuntu Vault-Ubuntu Secrets-HashiCorp Vault Ubuntu, Ubuntu Cryptography-Ubuntu PKI, Ubuntu Pentesting-Ubuntu DevSecOps), Ubuntu Storage, Ubuntu Web-Ubuntu Node.js, Ubuntu Virtual Desktop, Ubuntu Product List. Ubuntu Awesome List, Ubuntu Docs, Ubuntu Books, Ubuntu Courses, Ubuntu Topics. (navbar_ubuntu and navbar_ubuntu_detailed - see also navbar_rhel, navbar_linux)

Debian Linux: Debian Glossary, Debian-based Linux Distros (Ubuntu-Raspberry Pi OS-Raspbian-Linux Mint), Linux-Unix, Debian Package Managers (Debian Snapcraft, Debian Apt, Apt - debconf), Debian AI (Debian MLOps-Debian ML-Debian DL), Debian Compute (Debian K8S-Debian Containers-Debian GitOps, Debian IaaS-Debian Linux-Debian on Windows), Debian Certification, Debian Data Science (Debian Databases-Debian SQL-Debian NoSQL-Debian Analytics-Debian DataOps), Debian DevOps-Debian SRE-Debian Automation-Debian Configuration-Debian Configuration Management-Debian Terraform-Debian Ansible-Debian Chef-Debian Puppet-Debian PowerShell)-Debian CloudOps-Debian Monitoring, Debian Developer Tools (Debian GitHub-Debian CI/CD-Debian VSCode-Debian Serverless-Debian Microservices-Debian Service Mesh-Debian Java-Debian Spring-Debian JavaScript-Debian Python), Debian Identity (Debian IAM-Debian MFA-Debian Active Directory), Debian Integration, Debian IoT-Debian Edge, Debian Management-Debian Admin-Debian Shell-Debian CLI-DebianOps, Debian Governance, Debian Media (Debian Video), Debian Migration, Debian Mixed reality, Debian Mobile, Debian Networking (Debian Load Balancing-Debian DNS-Debian NAT-Debian VPC-Debian VPN), Debian Security (Debian Vault-Debian Secrets-HashiCorp Vault Debian, Debian Cryptography-Debian PKI, Debian Pentesting-Debian DevSecOps), Debian Storage, Debian Web-Debian Node.js, Debian Virtual Desktop, Debian Product List. Debian Awesome List, Debian Docs, Debian Books, Debian Courses, Debian Topics. (navbar_debian and navbar_Debian_detailed - see also navbar_apt)

Linux:

Linux, kernel, systemd, init, GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader), initramfs, ext4 (Fourth Extended Filesystem), XFS, Btrfs (B-Tree File System), zram, zswap, cgroups (Control Groups), namespaces, selinux (Security-Enhanced Linux), AppArmor, iptables, nftables, firewalld, auditd, journald, syslog, logrotate, dmesg, udev, eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter), KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), QEMU (Quick Emulator), VirtIO, LXC (Linux Containers), Docker, Podman, CRI-O, Kubernetes Integration, etcd, Linux Control Groups, LXD (Linux Daemon), Snap, Flatpak, AppImage, RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), dpkg (Debian Package Manager), APT (Advanced Package Tool), YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified), DNF (Dandified YUM), Pacman, Zypper, Portage, emerge, Nix, pkg-config, ldconfig, make, cmake, autoconf, automake, configure, GCC (GNU Compiler Collection), Clang, glibc (GNU C Library), musl, libstdc++, libc, binutils, GNU Coreutils, Bash (Bourne Again Shell), Zsh (Z Shell), Fish Shell, dash, sh, SSH (Secure Shell), sshd (SSH Daemon), scp (Secure Copy), rsync, SCP (Secure Copy Protocol), wget, curl, ftp, sftp, TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), NFS (Network File System), CIFS (Common Internet File System), Samba, autofs, mount, umount, lsblk, blkid, parted, fdisk, gdisk, mkfs, fsck, tune2fs, xfs_repair, btrfs-progs, mdadm (Multiple Device Admin), RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), LVM (Logical Volume Manager), thin provisioning, lvcreate, lvremove, vgcreate, vgremove, pvcreate, pvremove, multipath-tools, ISCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface), nvme-cli, dm-crypt, cryptsetup, LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup), dracut, GRUB Customizer, PXE (Preboot Execution Environment), tftpboot, Syslinux, LiveCD, LiveUSB, mkbootdisk, dd, cpio, tar, gzip, bzip2, xz, 7zip, zstd, rsyslog, sysctl, lsmod, modprobe, depmod, modinfo, insmod, rmmod, kmod, dkms (Dynamic Kernel Module Support), kernel tuning, kernel headers, kernel modules, patch, diff, strace, ltrace, ptrace, perf, htop, top, iotop, atop, vmstat, mpstat, sar, dstat, iostat, uptime, free, df, du, ps, pidstat, nice, renice, kill, pkill, killall, jobs, bg, fg, wait, nohup, screen, tmux, cron, crontab, at, anacron, systemctl, service, chkconfig, rc-update, update-rc.d, ntpd (Network Time Protocol Daemon), chronyd, hwclock, timedatectl, ntpdate, ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall), iptables-save, iptables-restore, fail2ban, denyhosts, tcp_wrappers, libcap, setcap, getcap, auditctl, ausearch, kernel parameters, boot parameters, sysfs, procfs, debugfs, tmpfs, ramfs, overlayfs, aufs, bind mounts, chroot, pivot_root, overlay2, network namespaces, bridge-utils, iproute2, ip, ifconfig, route, netstat, ss, arp, ping, traceroute, mtr, tcpdump, ngrep, nmap, arp-scan, ethtool, iwconfig, iw, wpa_supplicant, hostapd, dnsmasq, networkmanager, nmcli, nmtui, system-config-network, dhclient, dhcpd, isc-dhcp-server, bind9, named, unbound, nslookup, dig, resolvconf, iptables, nftables, firewalld, conntrack, ipset, snort, suricata, tcp_wrappers, rkhunter, chkrootkit, clamav, lynis, openvpn, strongswan, libreswan, openconnect, network namespaces, virtual ethernet, veth, tap interfaces, tun interfaces, vlan, bridge, brctl, ovs-vsctl, openvswitch, macvlan, ipvlan, bonding, teamd, network teaming, multipath, multipath-tools, route tables, ip rule, ip route, policy routing, qos, tc (Traffic Control), htb, fq_codel, cake, iptables NAT, iptables MASQUERADE, squid, socks5, privoxy, tor, iptables DNAT, iptables SNAT, iptables REDIRECT, conntrack, stateful firewall, stateless firewall, tcp_window_scaling, tcp_timestamps, tcp_sack, tcp_rmem, tcp_wmem, tcp_no_metrics_save, tcp_ecn, netem, ip6tables, ipset, ebtables, arptables, bridge-nf, br_netfilter, openvswitch, gre tunnels, ipip tunnels, vxlan, gretap, macsec, macvlan, ipvlan, wireguard, strongswan, libreswan, xfrm, ipsec, isakmpd, racoon, openswan, ikev2, ikev1, vpn tunnels, gre tunnels, vxlan tunnels, fou tunnels, ipip tunnels.

Linux Core Utilities commands - GNU Core Utilities command-line interface programs

This list should really only include standard universal commands that come with GNU Core Utilities.

Linux File system commands

Linux Text utilities:

Linux Shell utilities:

Unix Commands:

This should really only include standard universal commands that come with all Linux distributions adhering to the Single UNIX Specification.

Really this is “Unix programs”, since there are no commands in Unix, they are programs except for shell builtins.

Unix command-line interface programs and shell builtins:

Unix File system commands:

Unix process commands:

Unix user environment commands:

 [[env]]

Unix text processing commands:

Unix shell builtin commands:

 [[alias (command) ]] | [[ alias]]

Unix networking commands:

Note: Networking is not part of SUS

Unix network utility commands:

Unix searching commands:

Unix documentation commands:

Unix software development commands: Note: There are a huge number of Linux software development tools / Unix software development tools; this list should be restricted to ones that are standardized as part of Unix, i.e., those marked SD, CD], or FD (http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/help/codes.html) within the Unix/POSIX specifications

Unix miscellaneous commands:

See also

References

Linux Commands (ls, cd, pwd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, touch, cat, less, head, tail, grep, find, chmod, chown, chgrp, tar, gzip, gunzip, df, du, ps, top, kill, man, ssh, scp, rsync, vim, nano, sed, awk, ping, ifconfig, netstat, route, traceroute, dig), Linux Fundamentals, Linux Inventor: Linus Torvalds says “Linux sucks | Linux just sucks less.”, Linux Best Practices - Linux Anti-Patterns, Linux kernel, Linux commands-Linux Shells-Linux CLI-GNU-Linux GUI-X11, Linux DevOps-Linux development-Linux system programming-Bash-zsh-Linux API, Linux package managers, Linux configuration management (Ansible on Linux, Chef on Linux, Puppet on Linux, PowerShell on Linux), Linux Distros (RHEL-Rocky Linux-CentOS (CentOS Stream)-Oracle Linux-Fedora, Ubuntu-Debian-Linux Mint-Raspberry Pi OS-Kali Linux-Tails, openSUSE - SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), Arch Linux-Manjaro Linux, Alpine Linux-BusyBox - Slackware - Android-Chrome OS); UNIX-UNIX Distros (FreeBSD-OpenBSD, BSD, macOS), Linux networking, Linux storage, Linux secrets, Linux security (Linux IAM-LDAP-Linux Firewall-Linux Proxy), Linux docs, Linux GitHub, Linux Containers, Linux VM, Linux on AWS, Linux on Azure, Linux on GCP, Linux on Windows (WSL), Linux on IBM, Linux on Mainframe (Linux on IBM Z mainframe - Linux for System z - IBM LinuxONE), Embedded Linux, Linus IoT-Linux on Raspberry Pi, LinuxOps-Linux sysadmin, systemd-userland-kernel space-POSIX-SUS-Linux filesystem-Linux architecture, Linux books-UNIX books, Linux courses, Linux Foundation, Linux history, Linux philosophy, Linux adoption, Linux Glossary - Glossaire de Linux - French, Linux topics (navbar_linux and navbar_unix - see also navbar_fedora, navbar_rhel, navbar_centos, navbar_debian, navbar_ubuntu, navbar_linux_mint, navbar_freebsd, navbar_opensuse, navbar_manjaro, navbar_kali_linux, navbar_nixos, navbar_alpine_linux, navbar_tails_linux, navbar_slackware, navbar_rocky_linux, navbar_arch_linux, navbar_oracle_linux)

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ubuntu.txt · Last modified: 2025/02/01 06:24 by 127.0.0.1

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