Return to namespace, C++ Reserved words, C++, Reserved Words, CPP Glossary, CPP Topics
Here's a comprehensive comparison of the C++ `namespace` keyword and its equivalent constructs in Python, Java, C#, Kotlin, JavaScript, TypeScript, PHP, Go, Rust, Swift, Transact-SQL, and PL/SQL, including code examples and links to the respective language documentation. The concept of namespaces is fundamental for avoiding name collisions and organizing code logically across many programming environments.
In C++, `namespace` is a keyword used to define a named scope that allows the organization of code into distinct logical groups, preventing name collisions.
```cpp namespace MyNamespace {
int myFunction() {
return 0;
}
}
```
C++ documentation: s://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/namespace(https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/namespace)
Python uses modules as its way of implementing namespaces. A module can be created by saving code in a `.py` file, which then can be imported using the `import` statement. Python doesn't have a direct `namespace` keyword, but modules and packages serve a similar purpose.
```python
def my_function():
return 0```
```python import mymodule mymodule.my_function() ```
Python documentation: s://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html(https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html)
Java utilizes packages as namespaces. The `package` keyword defines a namespace, allowing for organized, reusable code across different parts of a program or different programs.
```java package mypackage;
public class MyClass {
public static int myFunction() {
return 0;
}
}
```
Java documentation: s://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/package/packages.html(https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/package/packages.html)
C# uses namespaces to organize code in a similar manner to C++. The `namespace` keyword is used to declare a scope that contains a set of related objects.
```csharp namespace MyNamespace {
class MyClass {
public static int MyFunction() {
return 0;
}
}
}
```
C# documentation: s://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/types/namespaces(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/types/namespaces)
Kotlin groups functions, variables, and other definitions into packages, which serve as Kotlin's version of namespaces. There's no `namespace` keyword; packages are used instead.
```kotlin package mypackage
fun myFunction(): Int {
return 0} ```
Kotlin documentation: s://kotlinlang.org/docs/packages.html(https://kotlinlang.org/docs/packages.html)
JavaScript ES6 introduced modules, which serve as the language's approach to namespaces. While there's no `namespace` keyword, modules help in organizing code and preventing name collisions.
```javascript // myModule.js export function myFunction() {
return 0;} ```
JavaScript documentation: s://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules(https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules)
TypeScript enhances JavaScript's module system and adds namespaces. The `namespace` keyword is used for grouping functionalities and avoiding naming conflicts.
```typescript namespace MyNamespace {
export function myFunction() {
return 0;
}
}
```
TypeScript documentation: s://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces.html(https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces.html)
PHP's namespaces were introduced in PHP 5.3.0, allowing for better code organization and the avoidance of name collisions between classes, functions, and constants.
```php namespace MyNamespace;
function myFunction() {
return 0;} ```
PHP documentation: s://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php(https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php)
Go uses packages to organize code. Each file belongs to a package, which is Go's way of implementing namespaces. There's no `namespace` keyword.
```go package mypackage
func MyFunction() int {
return 0} ```
Go documentation: s://golang.org/doc/effective_go#packages(https://golang.org/doc/effective_go#packages)
Rust uses modules, defined with the `mod` keyword, to organize code into namespaces. This allows for encapsulation and reusability of code.
```rust mod my_module {
pub fn my_function() -> i32 {
0
}
}
```
Rust documentation: s://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch07-02-defining-modules-to-control-scope-and-privacy.html(https://doc.rust
-lang.org/book/ch07-02-defining-modules-to-control-scope-and-privacy.html)
Swift uses modules to organize code, but within a module, `namespaces` are implicitly defined by the types (classes, enums, structs). There's no explicit `namespace` keyword.
```swift // In Swift, namespaces are not explicitly declared. class MyClass {
static func myFunction() -> Int {
return 0
}
}
```
Swift documentation: s://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/ModulesAndSourceFiles.html(https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/ModulesAndSourceFiles.html)
Transact-SQL does not have a direct equivalent to namespaces as seen in languages like C++ or C#. However, schemas in SQL Server can serve a similar purpose, grouping database objects together.
```sql CREATE SCHEMA MySchema; GO
CREATE TABLE MySchema.MyTable (
ID int, MyColumn varchar(255)); GO ```
Transact-SQL documentation: s://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-schema-transact-sql(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-schema-transact-sql)
PL/SQL uses packages to group related procedures, functions, and variables. While not directly called `namespaces`, packages achieve a similar organizational structure.
```plsql CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE MyPackage AS
FUNCTION MyFunction RETURN NUMBER;END MyPackage; / ```
PL/SQL documentation: s://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LNPLS/packages.htm(https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LNPLS/packages.htm)
Each programming language has its own way of implementing the concept of namespaces, whether through explicit keywords like `namespace` in C++ and C#, or through packages and modules in languages like Java, Python, and Go. These mechanisms are crucial for code organization, readability, and the prevention of naming conflicts.
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