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A relational database management system (RDBMS) is designed to manage structured data through the use of tables. Tables are organized into rows and columns, where each row represents a record, and each column represents an attribute of the record. SQL is the standard language used to query, update, and manage databases in this environment. One of the key features of an RDBMS is its ability to define, manipulate, and enforce relationships between different tables through the use of foreign keys and primary keys.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database

An RDBMS allows for easy querying of large datasets using the SQL language. SQL provides powerful querying capabilities such as selection, projection, and joining to retrieve and manipulate data stored across multiple tables. It allows for SELECT statements to specify which data is returned and can also be used for filtering, ordering, and aggregating data. This makes an RDBMS suitable for a wide variety of applications, from simple queries to complex reporting and analytics.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL

Data integrity is one of the core features of any RDBMS. Data integrity ensures that data is accurate, consistent, and reliable throughout its lifecycle. RDBMS systems maintain data integrity using constraints such as NOT NULL, CHECK, and UNIQUE constraints, which ensure that the data adheres to predefined rules. This also includes the use of transactions and ACID properties, which guarantee that operations on the database are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_integrity

Another key feature of RDBMS is support for transactions, which allow a series of database operations to be executed as a single unit. If any part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction can be rolled back, ensuring that the database is not left in an inconsistent state. Transactions in an RDBMS are typically managed using ACID properties, which stand for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, ensuring that operations are executed reliably and correctly.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction_(database)

In an RDBMS, normalization is a technique used to organize data in a way that reduces redundancy and dependency. By breaking data into smaller, related tables, normalization ensures that each piece of data is stored only once. This improves data consistency, reduces storage requirements, and makes updates easier. Normalization typically follows a set of rules known as the normal forms, which define how data should be organized to minimize duplication and maintain referential integrity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

An RDBMS typically includes features to support multiple users and concurrent access. Concurrency control ensures that multiple users can interact with the database simultaneously without causing conflicts or inconsistencies. Locking mechanisms, such as row-level and table-level locks, prevent multiple users from making conflicting changes to the same data. This enables RDBMS systems to handle high levels of traffic and provide reliable access to data in multi-user environments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_control

Backup and recovery features are another important aspect of an RDBMS. RDBMS systems allow for regular backups of the entire database or specific tables to be created, ensuring that data can be restored in case of failure. These backup options include full, differential, and transaction log backups. Advanced RDBMS systems also provide point-in-time recovery, which enables the restoration of the database to a specific point in time, minimizing data loss.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_backup_and_recovery

Security is a critical feature of any RDBMS. SQL databases support user authentication and role-based access control to protect sensitive data. RDBMS systems allow administrators to define fine-grained permissions, controlling who can read, write, and modify specific data or tables. Encryption can also be implemented to protect data at rest and in transit, ensuring that data remains secure even if it is intercepted during transmission.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_security

Scalability is an important characteristic of RDBMS systems, as they must be able to handle growing data volumes and increasing numbers of users. RDBMS systems support both vertical scaling (increasing server capacity, such as adding more CPU or memory) and horizontal scaling (distributing data across multiple servers). Techniques like partitioning and sharding allow data to be spread across multiple nodes, ensuring that the system can handle large datasets and high levels of user activity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalability

The ability to join multiple tables is a defining feature of an RDBMS. JOIN operations allow data from different tables to be combined into a single result set. This enables users to retrieve and analyze related data that is stored in different parts of the database. Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN, each of which defines how the data from the tables should be matched and combined.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)

Indexes are another crucial feature of an RDBMS. Indexing improves the speed of data retrieval by creating a data structure that allows quick lookups of rows based on the values in specified columns. Common types of indexes include B-tree indexes, which are efficient for range queries, and hash indexes, which provide fast lookups based on exact matches. Indexes help ensure that queries, especially those that involve searching or sorting large datasets, are processed quickly.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_indexing

RDBMS systems support stored procedures, which are precompiled SQL statements that are stored in the database and can be executed repeatedly. Stored procedures allow for the encapsulation of logic within the database, reducing the need for repeated code in application code. They are useful for enforcing business rules, ensuring data integrity, and improving performance by reducing the amount of data transferred between the application and the database.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_procedure

Another feature of RDBMS systems is the ability to define triggers. Triggers are special procedures that automatically execute in response to certain events, such as the insertion, update, or deletion of records. Triggers are used to enforce business logic, validate data, and maintain data consistency. They help automate actions and ensure that data is handled in a consistent manner according to predefined rules.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigger_(SQL)

Reporting capabilities are essential for businesses that need to analyze and visualize data. RDBMS systems support the generation of ad hoc reports and pre-defined dashboards to assist in decision-making. Many RDBMS platforms integrate with business intelligence tools, such as Power BI or Tableau, to enable users to create interactive visualizations and perform data analysis directly from the database.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporting

Data warehousing features in RDBMS allow organizations to integrate data from different sources and perform complex analytics. RDBMS systems are often used in conjunction with data warehousing solutions to consolidate data from various operational databases into a single repository. These features allow for efficient querying and reporting, enabling organizations to extract insights from large volumes of data collected over time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse

The support for multiple data types is another distinguishing feature of RDBMS. RDBMS systems support a wide variety of data types, including numeric, string, date, and binary data. This flexibility allows RDBMS to handle diverse applications, from financial systems to multimedia management. In addition to standard types, RDBMS systems also allow for user-defined types, which can extend the system’s functionality to meet specific application needs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system

Database | Database management system:

• Object database | Object-oriented
  • Comparison of object database management systems | comparison
• Relational_database | Relational
  • List of relational database management systems | list
  • Comparison of relational database management systems | comparison
• Key-value_database | Key-value
• Column-oriented DBMS | Column-oriented
  • List_of_column-oriented_DBMSes | list
• Document-oriented database | Document-oriented
• Wide_column_store | Wide column store
• Graph database | Graph
• NoSQL
• NewSQL
• In-memory_database | In-memory
  • List_of_in-memory_databases | list
• Multi-model_database | Multi-model
  • Comparison_of_multi-model_databases | comparison
• Cloud_database | Cloud

Database Concepts:

• Database
• ACID
• Armstrong's axioms
• Codd's_12_rules | Codd's 12 rules
• CAP theorem
• Create, read, update and delete | CRUD
• Null (SQL) | Null
• Candidate key
• Foreign key
• Superkey
• Surrogate key
• Unique key

Database Objects:

• Relation (database) | Relation
  • Table (database) | table
  • Column (database) | column
  • Row (database) | row
• View (SQL) | View
• Database transaction | Transaction
• Transaction log
• Database trigger | Trigger
• Database index | Index
• Stored procedure
• Cursor (databases) | Cursor
• Partition (database) | Partition

Database Components:

• Concurrency control
• Data dictionary
• Java Database Connectivity | JDBC
• XQuery API for Java | XQJ
• Open Database Connectivity | ODBC
• Query language
• Query optimization | Query optimizer
• Query Rewriting | Query rewriting system
• Query plan

Database Functions:

• Database administration | Administration
• Query optimization
• DATABASE | Replication
• Shard_(database_architecture) | Sharding

Related Topics:

• Database models
• Database normalization
• Database storage structures | Database storage
• Distributed database
• Federated database system
• Referential integrity
• Relational algebra
• Relational calculus
• Relational database
• Relational model
• Object-relational database
• Transaction processing

Category:Database_management_systems | Category

Outline of databases